welfare reform :: essays research papers

divorced, deserted, and minority m new(prenominal)s and their children. Few private and government retirement pensions existed in the United States before the Great Depression. The prevailing view was that individuals should save for their senile age or be supported by their children. About 30 states provided some welfare aid to curt elderly persons without any source of income. topical anaesthetic officials generally decided who deserved old-age assistance in their community. The emphasis during the first two years of President Franklin Roosevelts "New Deal" was to provide work residual for the millions of unemployed Americans. Federal money came to the states pay for public works projects, which employed the jobless. Some federal aid also directly assisted needy victims of the Depression. The states, however, remained generally responsible for taking care of the unemployables (widows, poor children, the elderly poor, and the disabled). But states and private charities , too, were unable to keep up the support of these people at a clock when tax collections and personal giving were declining steeply. In his State of the Union Address before Congress on January 4, 1935, President Roosevelt said the time has come for military action by the national government" to provide "security against the major hazards and vicissitudes uncertainties of life." He went on to propose the creation of federal unemployment and old-age insurance programs. He also called for guaranteed benefits for poor single mothers and their children along with other dependent persons.By permanently expanding federal responsibility for the security of all Americans, Roosevelt believed that the necessity for government make-work employment and other forms of Depression relief would disappear. In his address before Congress, Roosevelt argued that the continuation of government relief programs was a bad thing for the country lessons of history, confirmed by the point imme diately before me, show conclusively that continued dependence upon relief induces a spiritual and moral disintegration fundamentally destructive to the national fiber. To pogy out relief in this way is to administer a narcotic, a subtle destroyer of the human spirit . . ..A few months later, on grand 18, 1935, Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act. It set up a federal retirement program for persons over 65, which was financed by a payroll tax pay jointly by employers and their workers. FDR believed that federal old-age pensions together with employer-paid unemployment insurance (also a part of the Social Security Act) would provide the economic security people needed during two good and bad times.

aids awareness :: Free AIDS Essays

When support first emerged, no-one could pay back predicted how the epidemic would spread crossways the world and how many millions of lives it would change. There was no real idea what caused it, and consequently, no real idea how to protect against it. Now, in 2004, we k instanter from bitter experience that AIDS is caused by the virus HIV, and that it can devastate families, communities and whole continents. We have seen the epidemic knock decades off countries national development, widen the gulf between rich and unworthy nations and push already-stigmatized groups closer to the margins of society. We are living in an international society, and HIV has become the first truly international epidemic, easily crossing oceans and international borders. only if as clearly, experience shows that the right approaches, applied quickly enough with courage and resolve, can and do result in lower national HIV transmission rates and less suffering for those affected by the epidemic.Glob ally, we have learned that if a rural acts early enough, a national HIV crisis can be averted.It has also been noted that a country with a very high HIV prevalence rate will often see this rate in the end stabilise, and even decline. This indicates, among other things, that people are beginning to change risky behaviour patterns, because they have seen and known people who have been killed by AIDS. Fear is the worst, and go bad way of changing peoples behaviour and by the time that this happens it is usually too late to save a huge number of that countrys population.Already, more than twenty million people around the world have died of AIDS-related diseases. In 2004, 3.1 million men, women and children have died. Around twice the amount who have died until now - almost 40 million - are now living with HIV, and most of these are likely to die over the next decade or so. The most recent UNAIDS/WHO estimates show that, in 2004 alone, 4.9 million people were newly infected with HIV.I t is disappointing that the global numbers of people infected with HIV broaden to rise, despite the fact that effective prevention strategies already exist.AfricaIt is in Africa, in some of the poorest countries in the world, that the impact of the virus has been most severe. Altogether, there are now 16 countries in Africa in which more than one-tenth of the adult population aged 15-49 is infected with HIV.

The Cricket Ball in the Sport of Cricket :: essays research papers

The Cricket Ball in the Sport of CricketCricket is one of the around exciting sports in world. It is contend is most countries in world. Cricket is not that popular in Unites States but it is the most popular sports in countries like India, England and Australia. Making cricket popular in America requires describing its equipments and the game itself. One of the most important equipment of this wonderful game is Cricket dinner dress.The cricket ball is a little small than a baseball ball. It is round shaped, smaller than a wrist of an average size man. A cricket ball is made from a core of cork, which is layered with tightly offend string. It is covered by a leather case with a slightly raised sewn seam. The covering is constructed of four pieces of leather shaped similar to the skin of a quartered orange. A cricket ball only has one seam. The equator of the ball is stitched with string to form the seam, with a total of six rows of stitches. The remaining 2 joins between the le ather pieces are left unstitched. The ball is ab divulge nine inches in circumference and only weighs between 5.5 5.75 ounces. The surface of the ground where cricket ball is pitched matters a lot for the performance. This ball bounces a lot on a dry/hard pitch because of its hardness. However its the opposite way close to if the pitch is wet/damp, this ball loses it bounce. Weather is also very important factor on how the ball behaves. In sunny weather the ball dont do much but if its windy the ball swings in air a lot. Therefore when the weather is bad this ball sometimes becomes impossible to play.The most dangerous thing this ball does is Swing. Swing which is achieved by keeping one side of the ball polished smooth and shiny and keeping the other side rough, and delivering the ball with the polished side forward, and the seam angled in the direction of desired swing. There are two types of swing balling in cricket. The out swinging ball moves away from the right-handed batsm an, while the in swinger moves in towards him. Normal swing is achieved by maintaining laminar boundary layer air-flow on the shiny side whilst creating turbulent flow on the seam side.

Guilt in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Guilt in Macbeth There is a large burden of offense carried by brothel keeper Macbeth and Macbeth in Shakespeares tragedy Macbeth. Lets look at this piazza closely in the following essay. Fanny Kemble in Lady Macbeth asserts that Lady Macbeth was unconscious of her guilt, which nevertheless killed her Lady Macbeth, even in her sleep, has no qualms of conscience her self-condemnation takes none of the tenderer forms akin to repentance, nor the weaker ones allied to fear, from the pursuit of which the tortured soul, seeking where to hide itself, not seldom escapes into the boundless wilderness of madness. A very able article, promulgated some years ago in the National Review, on the character of Lady Macbeth, insists much upon an opinion that she died of remorse, as some palliation of her crimes, and mitigation of our aversion of them. That she died of wickedness would be, I think, a juster verdict. Remorse is consciousness of guilt . . . and that I think Lady Macbeth never ha d though the unrecognized pressure of her great guilt killed her. (116-17) In Memoranda Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth, Sarah Siddons mentions the guilt and ambition of Lady Macbeth and their effect Re I have given suck (1.7.54ff.) Even here, fearful as she is, she shews herself made by ambition, but not by nature, a perfectly savage creature. The very use of such a tender allusion in the midst of her dreadful language, persuades one unequivocally that she has really felt the maternal yearnings of a mother towards her babe, and that she considered this action the most enormous that ever required the position of human nerves for its perpetration. Her language to Macbeth is the most potently eloquent that guilt could use. (56) Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare explain how guilt impacts Lady Macbeth Lady Macbeth is of a finer and more delicate nature. Having fixed her eye upon the end - the attainment for her husband of Duncans crown - she accepts the inevitable means she nerves herself for the terrible nights decease by artificial stimulants yet she cannot strike the sleeping king who resembles her father. Having sustained her weaker husband, her own strength gives way and in sleep, when her will cannot control her thoughts, she is piteously discompose by the memory of one stain of blood upon her little hand.

Orientalism: Defined and Shown Through The Work of Henry Kissinger :: Orientalism Said Kissinger Essays

Orientalism Defined and Shown Through The Work of heat content Kissinger Edward Said first published Orientalism in 1978 and the book has continued to open readers eyeball to the true effects of biased thought. Said carefully examines what he calls Orientalism in an attempt to show how different cultures horizon each different and depend upon other cultures to define their own. This essay will include a brief exposition of Orientalism as well as how Henry Kissinger has an Orientalist view upon developing countries, shown through legion(predicate) examples from Saids book. Given on the first few pages of his book, Edward Said allows his readers to absorb the concept of Orientalism early on in his book, adding to the definition throughout. Said presents his definition of Orientalism in trinity interdependent fashions, the first shown through the Orients place among Western European culture The Orient is not only adjoining to Europe it is also the place of Europes superior and richest and oldest colonies, the source of its civilizations and languages, its cultural contestant, and one of its deepest and most recurring images of the Other. In addition, the Orient has helped to define Europe (or the West) as its contrasting image, idea, personality, experience. pp. 1-2 Simply put, Said claims that Orientalism represents how Europe has delimit themselves against Oriental characteristics. A second machinate of Orientalism comes from the academic world and is still prevalent in todays society. Said states that anyone who teaches, writes about, or researches the Orient regardless of field of study is an Orientalist, and what he or she does is Orientalism. In a more general sense, this can be seen when academics make the ontological and epistemological distinction make between the Orient and (most of the time) the Occident (p 2). Said states that while this form is not as common as in years past, Orientalism will exist so long as these ideas are taught. As the first of the 2 definitions deal with the academic and imaginative meanings of Orientalism, the third meaning is derived from the combination of the first two. Said believes that Orientalism can also be thought of as the corporate intromission for dealing with the Orient- dealing with it by making statements about it, authorizing views of it, describing it, by teaching it, settling it, ruling over it in short, Orientalism as a Western style, for dominating, restructuring, and having post over the Orient (p 3).Orientalism Defined and Shown Through The Work of Henry Kissinger Orientalism Said Kissinger EssaysOrientalism Defined and Shown Through The Work of Henry Kissinger Edward Said first published Orientalism in 1978 and the book has continued to open readers eyes to the true effects of biased thought. Said carefully examines what he calls Orientalism in an attempt to show how different cultures view each other and depend upon other cultures to define their own. This essay wil l include a brief definition of Orientalism as well as how Henry Kissinger has an Orientalist view upon developing countries, shown through numerous examples from Saids book. Given on the first few pages of his book, Edward Said allows his readers to absorb the concept of Orientalism early on in his book, adding to the definition throughout. Said presents his definition of Orientalism in three interdependent fashions, the first shown through the Orients place among Western European culture The Orient is not only adjacent to Europe it is also the place of Europes greatest and richest and oldest colonies, the source of its civilizations and languages, its cultural contestant, and one of its deepest and most recurring images of the Other. In addition, the Orient has helped to define Europe (or the West) as its contrasting image, idea, personality, experience. pp. 1-2 Simply put, Said claims that Orientalism represents how Europe has defined themselves against Oriental characteristics. A second form of Orientalism comes from the academic world and is still prevalent in todays society. Said states that anyone who teaches, writes about, or researches the Orient regardless of field of study is an Orientalist, and what he or she does is Orientalism. In a more general sense, this can be seen when academics make the ontological and epistemological distinction made between the Orient and (most of the time) the Occident (p 2). Said states that while this form is not as common as in years past, Orientalism will exist so long as these ideas are taught. As the first of the two definitions deal with the academic and imaginative meanings of Orientalism, the third meaning is derived from the combination of the first two. Said believes that Orientalism can also be thought of as the corporate institution for dealing with the Orient- dealing with it by making statements about it, authorizing views of it, describing it, by teaching it, settling it, ruling over it in short, Oriental ism as a Western style, for dominating, restructuring, and having authority over the Orient (p 3).

Orientalism: Defined and Shown Through The Work of Henry Kissinger :: Orientalism Said Kissinger Essays

Orientalism Defined and Shown Through The Work of Henry Kissinger Edward state inaugural create Orientalism in 1978 and the book has continued to loose readers eyes to the true effects of biased thought. Said carefully examines what he calls Orientalism in an attempt to show how antithetical cultures view each other and calculate upon other cultures to define their own. This essay will include a brief definition of Orientalism as well as how Henry Kissinger has an Orientalist view upon developing countries, shown through and through numerous examples from Saids book. Given on the first few pages of his book, Edward Said allows his readers to absorb the concept of Orientalism early on in his book, adding to the definition throughout. Said presents his definition of Orientalism in three interdependent fashions, the first shown through the Orients score among western sandwich atomic number 63an culture The Orient is not scarcely adjacent to Europe it is to a fault the place of Eu ropes greatest and richest and oldest colonies, the source of its civilizations and languages, its cultural contestant, and one of its deepest and most recurring images of the Other. In addition, the Orient has helped to define Europe (or the West) as its contrasting image, idea, personality, experience. pp. 1-2 Simply put, Said claims that Orientalism represents how Europe has defined themselves against Oriental characteristics. A second form of Orientalism comes from the academic world and is still prevalent in todays society. Said states that anyone who teaches, writes about, or researches the Orient regardless of field of study is an Orientalist, and what he or she does is Orientalism. In a more general sense, this can be seen when academics make the ontological and epistemological line made between the Orient and (most of the time) the Occident (p 2). Said states that magic spell this form is not as common as in years past, Orientalism will exist so extensive as these ideas are taught. As the first of the two definitions deal with the academic and imaginative meanings of Orientalism, the third meaning is derived from the combination of the first two. Said believes that Orientalism can also be thought of as the incorporate institution for dealing with the Orient- dealing with it by making statements about it, authorizing views of it, describing it, by teaching it, settling it, ruling over it in short, Orientalism as a Western style, for dominating, restructuring, and having authority over the Orient (p 3).Orientalism Defined and Shown Through The Work of Henry Kissinger Orientalism Said Kissinger EssaysOrientalism Defined and Shown Through The Work of Henry Kissinger Edward Said first published Orientalism in 1978 and the book has continued to open readers eyes to the true effects of biased thought. Said carefully examines what he calls Orientalism in an attempt to show how different cultures view each other and depend upon other cultures to define their own. This essay will include a brief definition of Orientalism as well as how Henry Kissinger has an Orientalist view upon developing countries, shown through numerous examples from Saids book. Given on the first few pages of his book, Edward Said allows his readers to absorb the concept of Orientalism early on in his book, adding to the definition throughout. Said presents his definition of Orientalism in three interdependent fashions, the first shown through the Orients place among Western European culture The Orient is not only adjacent to Europe it is also the place of Europes greatest and richest and oldest colonies, the source of its civilizations and languages, its cultural contestant, and one of its deepest and most recurring images of the Other. In addition, the Orient has helped to define Europe (or the West) as its contrasting image, idea, personality, experience. pp. 1-2 Simply put, Said claims that Orientalism represents how Europe has defined themselves against Oriental characteristics. A second form of Orientalism comes from the academic world and is still prevalent in todays society. Said states that anyone who teaches, writes about, or researches the Orient regardless of field of study is an Orientalist, and what he or she does is Orientalism. In a more general sense, this can be seen when academics make the ontological and epistemological distinction made between the Orient and (most of the time) the Occident (p 2). Said states that while this form is not as common as in years past, Orientalism will exist so long as these ideas are taught. As the first of the two definitions deal with the academic and imaginative meanings of Orientalism, the third meaning is derived from the combination of the first two. Said believes that Orientalism can also be thought of as the corporate institution for dealing with the Orient- dealing with it by making statements about it, authorizing views of it, describing it, by teaching it, settling it, ruling over it in short, Orientalism as a Western style, for dominating, restructuring, and having authority over the Orient (p 3).

What Was Revolutionary About the French Revolution

What was rotary motionary about the cut transmutation? Since the beginning of history itself, several and numerous people, inventions, ideologies or behaviours were instantaneously attached to a luckicular and self-explanatory concept such as innovationary. As the time goes by its out get toing characteristics and meaning remains the same. A ultra is an singular who either actively bettericipates in or advocates variety.When used as an adjective, the term renewalary refers to something that has a major, abrupt impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavour. The tern both as a noun and adjective is usually applied to the field of politics and is now and then used in the place setting of science, invention or art. 1 One of the themes in modern European history which can be directly linked with this concept is the French Revolution.The main interrogative sentence remains in What was revolutionary about the French Revolution? In order to answer to this question it is necessary to acknowledge the causes or origins of the revolution, which initiated or incite this event and finally, which was the impact and importance of it. The French Revolution is considered one of the greatest social and political upheavals in European History and its tremors can still occasionally be felt.In the popular imagination, the magical figure 1789 conjures up conflicting images of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity alongside the tricoteuse and the guillotine, of a revolution that offered individual choice and freedom, alone that was transformed first into terror and subsequently the caesarism of napoleon. 2 These events brood to fascinate historians and the causes and consequences of the French Revolution continue to be a rich source of debate. The revolution started in 1789 and the exact date of its end it is still uncertain but studies believe it lasted almost ten years. 3A series of political and social crises led up to it widespread of popular discontent bec ause of poverty which was highly influenced by the taxation system implement by the king Louis cardinal in order to assign his own luxurious and extravagant lifestyle, the wave of unemployment, the growth of the bourgeoisie , an agricultural crisis which left the population in a state of hunger and resentment, the royal encourages state became desperate because of help given to The American revolt against Britain which lead to drastic solutions such as educing the privileges of the aristocracy and clergy producing revolt on their part among several other origins.The king offered no lead and the result was a government trapped by the Estates General. The political initiative was not so such(prenominal) lost as given away, and it was considered the perfect opportunity to aspiring(prenominal) or radical deputies such as Mirabeau, Lafayette, Sieyes and Le Chapelier to come to the front. 4 downstairs their influence the tercet estate, representing a minimum of 98 per cent of the p opulation, declared itself the National congregation on the 17th of June. 5 Due to this action, the deputies broke the umbilical cord connecting them to the society of orders cross the birth of the sovereign nation and the death of the old regime. The revolution had begun officially. By the end of June, effective power was draining away from the monarchy and the political failing of Louis XVI (who reigned from 1774-92) was observed once more after the violence in the capital culminating in the storming of the Bastille on the July 14th.The fall of the Bastille was nevertheless highly noteworthy equally as a political Symbol and as a result of the municipal revolutions that followed. In Paris, order was restored by the newly created National Guard, headed by another ambitious aristocrat Lafayette , and effective power passed into the hands of the elected municipality (leaving royal officials with little more than their titles). Throughout France, the conventional power of governor s, parliaments and intendants dissolved.Between the 14th of July and the formal promulgation of a new constitution in September 1791 France was witness to an unprecedented wave of reform. As for Louis XVI, he was largely excluded from the process of national restoration and it symbolized one of the revolutions most striking achievements the transfer of sovereignty from the king to the National Assembly. 6 As calm was being restored in Paris, information regarding rural revolution began to reach the city.The peasantry proved itself to be much more persistent and determined than the revolutionary politicians and by July 1793 had won a complete victory as seigneurialism and tithes disappeared from the French countryside forever. The shadow of 4th of August was considered essential for the upcoming path of reform in a way that it removed the particularist obstacles and corporate mentality that had so often impede the monarchy. Nevertheless, it was the Declaration of the rights of man, adopted by the National Assembly on 26 ofAugust, which most clearly indicated the new philosophy of government. Written by Lafayette, the Declaration was a manifesto for liberal revolution. Men were assured equal in rights and such fundamental cheers as freedom of speech and of the press, religious toleration, equality sooner the law, freedom from arbitrary arrest and open competition for public office, decreed in a series of imposing articles. No less imperative was the form of address that sovereignty belongs to the nation, ideology that justified everything accomplished afterwards. 7 Jointly, the night of the 4th July and the Declaration of the rights of man are a symbol of a revolution that literally done for(p) the old social and institutional map of France and sought to apply rational and enlightened principles to the construction of its successor. Internal tolls and duties were abolished, free trade in grain restored and guilds and lord monopolies damaged, old provinces were replaced by eighty-three departments of comparable size and identical administrative structure.Those departments were divided into districts, which in turns were sub-divided in communes. In August 1790, the parliaments were abolished and legal hierarchy reconstructed. Under the old regime, offices in the parliaments and several of its inferior courts had been nought on the open market. That abuse was reformed and the democratic principle was put into place as prox judges were to be elected. One final example of their power was the abolition of nobility in June 1790, which came to reassure that only equal citizens remained.Despite all these significant and revolutionary reforms, it was the financial crisis that had been the immediate cause of the monarchys sever and the revolutionaries were expected to provide a solution. It became even more complicated to achieve it due to the integral collapse of the existing administrative and fiscal system and the disturbances in the coun tryside where taxes were not being paid. In order to meet its obligations, the state began to print money which benefited from the public self-assertion in the National Assembly.Numerous tangible grounds for confidence were provided in November 1789, when the Assembly, voted to confiscate the lands of the church. The effective nationalization of between 5 and 10 per cent of the land in the kingdom provided collateral for state credit and a source of income when the decision was taken to sell these biens nationaux. By continuing to print paper money against the value of the land seized from the church, their financial worries were solved at least in the short term. The revolution gained another primordial asset by selling the biens natiounaux.Those who had invested had a vested involvement in the consolidation and defence of the new regime. 8 Another revolutionary reform included a complete transformation of the church. Aided by Jansenist priests, the Civil opus of the Clergy was drafted and unveiled in July 1790. Rational enlightened thinking was brought to bear upon the workings of the Catholic Church and like judges and officials in the administrative and political hierarchy, parish priests were domain to elections by district electoral assemblies.As this brief survey which clearly explained the significant changes occurring in France and the impact they possessed in society, has indicated, the National Assembly was responsible for a programme of reform which transformed the social and institutional life of France. The patchwork quilt of particularist rights and privileges was replaced by a greater emphasis upon the rights of the individual and the concept of equality before the authority of the state. 9 Although, revolutionaries were not satisfied as they wanted to merge the world into their sea of values, ideologies and revolution.The revolutionaries of 1792 began a war which extended through the Imperial limit and forced nations to marshal their res ources to a greater extent than ever before. Some areas, like Belgium and Switzerland, became client states of France with reforms similar to those of the revolution. National identities also began coalescing like never before. The umpteen and fast developing ideologies of the revolution were also spread across Europe, helped by French being the continental elites dominant language. If the National Assembly had actually reinvigorated France, the constitution created to improve the country was a disaster.Within twelve months the monarchy had been defeated by the second revolutionary wave of August 1792 resulting in the murder of Louis XVI in January 1793. Another example of the extremely radical path the revolution was taking is the treatment of the church. The reality was that not satisfied, the revolutionaries proceeded to execute the nonconformists. As the revolution slid into Terror after 1792, the clergy was increasingly seen as the agent of counter-revolution. In the short-te rm, the religious policies of successive governments after 1790 created unnecessary enemies for the revolution.Revolutionaries started to then use war as a way of forcing the king, and any other enemies, to declare themselves whole-heartedly for the revolution. It was therefore with mixed motives the French began their battle to export revolution to Europe. It can be considered that the use of Terror was just a form of political strategy but in the minds of the revolutionaries it had a deeper reason. They believed they were creating a new society, a new man and to do so they need to destroy the idea, beliefs and patterns of behaviour of the old.Terror was paving the way to a republic virtue and those who would stand in the way of the march of progress would be discarded. It was the integral part of the vision and ideology of a revolution. 10 Between 1789 and 1799, the French Revolution offered a spectacle which inspired and horrified the people of France and Europe ever since. The overthrown of the monarchy, the attack on the church, the resoluteness of the principles of civic equality and national sovereignty along the destruction of seigneurialism were an admonition to the other monarchies in Europe and an example to their rivals.For liberals the values and ideas of 1789 and the Declaration of the rights of the man continue to possess repercussions nowadays. Throughout the nineteenth degree centigrade the radical revolution was the source of inspiration for republican and left-wing movements all over the world. On the other hand, conservatives remained tremendous of a further outbreak of revolutionary passion. It influenced and leaded to other revolutions in most of the European nations, America and several other countries around the world.The French Revolution was a defining moment in the development of all shades of political opinion, changed views and values, implemented new laws and behaviours. It left no one indifferent and for that reason it can b e considered one of the most revolutionary procedures of modern history.Bibliography Soanes, Catherine, Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English, Oxford University Press, 2008 Hillis, William, A metrical history of the life and clock of Napoleon Bonaparte, G. P. Putnams sons, 1896 Blanc, Louis, History of the French Revolution of 1789 Volume 1, 1848 Pilbeam, Pamela, Themes in modern European History 1780 1830, Routledge, 1995 Baker, Keith, The Old Regime and the French Revolution, University of Chicago Press, 1987 Gardiner, Bertha, The French revolution 1789-1795, Longmans, Green, 1893 Lough, Muriel, An introduction to nineteenth century France, Longman, 1978 Salvemini, Gaetano, The French Revolution, 1788- 1792, Holt, 1954 1 Soanes, Catherine, Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English, Oxford University Press, 2008 2 Hillis, William, A metrical history of the life and times of Napoleon Bonaparte, G. P. Putnams sons, 1896, varlet 48 3 Blanc, Louis, History of the French Revolution of 1789 Volume 1, 1848, page 480 4 Pilbeam, Pamela, Themes in modern European History 1780 1830, Routledge, 1995, page 19 5 Baker, Keith, The Old Regime and the French Revolution, University of Chicago Press, 1987, page 148 6 Gardiner, Bertha, The French revolution 1789-1795, Longmans, Green, 1893, page 46 7 Pilbeam, Pamela, Themes in modern European history 1780-1830, Routledge, 1995, page 22 8 Lough, Muriel, An introduction to nineteenth century France, Longman, 1978, page 55 9 Pilbeam, Pamela, Themes in Modern European History, New York, 1995, page 24 10 Salvemini, Gaetano, The French Revolution, 1788- 1792, Holt, 1954, page 186

Better business through budgeting Essay

The article talks about the importance of formulating a budget for businesses even small-size companies since it establishes their goals and helps to predict the success of a business idea epoch embarking upon the financial health of the compevery. Formulating a working budget is important from a business and financial perspective that allows measuring progress, accounting for unexpected expenses and availing investment opportunities. It is a tool for attracting investors and getting loans.Budget enables both the insiders and outsiders to look at the history of performance and upcoming plans and deliverables of the company. Small companies usually dont pay a lot attention to budget since they consider financing as secondary to the product or service they provide as well as a consume of time. A simple and effective budget is the need of time for small companies. Alexander defined budget as a tool for identifying incomes and expenditures. The projections allow a company to compare i t plans and expectations with what happens actually thus showing the companys performance and accomplishment of the goals.Budget entails with it three financial statements of which cash flow is the almost important followed by income statement and balance sheet. The realistic projections about a business future performance can be made through diachronic data as well as likely income to be generated through marketing programs, seasonal businesses and other anticipated sources with the help of research. Fixed and variable cost should be projected in the same manner and later the numbers should be plugged in.The key is to be conservative and build contingency plans in order to build a financial cushion in the budget(Klein, K. E. 2006). The biggest mistake to avoid is that budget should be treated as an ongoing exercise sooner than once a year exercise done to accomplish some purpose which is not consulted again throughout the year. Secondly, it should be realistic with all the infal lible elements and details. Thirdly, it can be made with the help of financial advisors who offer insight into the budgeting process rather than the entrepreneur making it himself with incomplete knowledge.Softwares are also lendable for this purpose but the key is to select the simple and easy to use ones which do not contain specialized programs but the general ones which are not heavy on jargons. RESPONSE The article explains us the importance and usefulness of budgeting in an organization which is meant for both insiders and outsiders. Budgeting will not only allow project incomes and expenditures but compare them those to the real picture in order to know whether the business is fulfilling our expectations or not. It is necessary to set goals and discover that the business idea seems to be realistic and viable in the future.The insiders of a company need budget to regulate their expenses and account for any unexpected expenses or losses. Before making any investment, the comp any should consult its budget that whether it allows for it or not keeping all other expenses in account. For the outsiders, the budget serves as a statement of plans and deliverables for the year. The budget tells the stakeholders how productive the company has been on meeting its goals. Budget is a useful exercise for small sized companies since they need to operate within their small source of income and ensure that their expenses do not get out of their hands.Budgeting also increases the credibility of a business since the stakeholders gain confidence in a business while smell at the financial statements. Today, most of the businesses do not formulate a budget and those who do consider it a one-time exercise and a formality for the shareholders. Companies should ca-ca the importance of budgeting and take actions only after consulting their budget in order to avoid any pitfalls (Shim & Siegel, 2008). REFERENCE Shim, J. K. , & Siegel, J. G. (2008). Budgeting Basics and Beyond, 3rd edn. Wiley. Klein, K. E. 2006. Better Business with Budgeting.

Indian Tourism Development Corporation Essay

India is really a gorgeous countersink of beaches, amazing monuments, breathtaking temples and architectural mosques, ash sme ard sadhus and beyond the entire of impressive Taj. Thereby, why cant write your touristry in India taste conclusion by describing the beauty of the place and how it is unique for the visitors? If needs you can likewise write about the amazing traditions and culture about India. The Indian touristry Development Corporation (ITDC) initiated Incredible India campaign in 2005 to support and promote the tourism sector in India. You can also mention it in your tourism in India essay conclusion. Conclusion is really the key aspect of every essay. So, your essay will greatly reflect the conclusion and introduction divisions. Words are few to explain the beauty of India. India is a country with diversified culture and traditions. The earthy beauty of India, festivals, dresses, heritage sites of India are very popular among tourists. These things fascinate trave lers to come here.India has so many scenic blesses places like Kerala, Darjeeling, Goa, Kashmir, Shimla(I am just having few names) and Manali. These places are very popular. These places are prime attraction of travelers from across the world. Come, Seek and Discover. Match Indias rhythms to your heart, its colours to your mind, and find a travel experience that is yours alone. An India like no other. Friendly, warm, welcoming and uniquely your own.to most of the touristers india is still a virgin country , yet to be explored , may be the main reason is that the tourism ministry had make nothing specific to promote it., Tourism is the commercial organization and operation of vacations and visits to places of interest. Tourism is commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also refer to travel to other location within the same country. The most important economic feature of activities related to the tourism sector is that they contribute to three high-priority goals o f developing countries the generation of income, employment, and foreign-exchange earnings.Types of TourismAdventure travel Agritourism Geotourism Medical tourism Spacetourism Medical TourismMedical Tourism involves people who travel to a different place to receive treatment for a disease, or a surgical procedure, and who are seeking lower cost of healthcare and higher quality of care.

Discussion Questions Essay

DQ 1 Select a small business that you may want to start. What is strategic wariness and planning? Why would a strategic plan be important to the success of this business? How are the four functions of management relative to creating and implementing a strategic plan?I want to start an e-commerce sales business. The strategic management and planning guidelines for this kind of business include the followingPlanning As an owner, I will analyze the direction the cheek will go and create core objectives for the business. The objectives will help the company stay on track and embolden in any unexpected developments that may arise down the road and short-term and long-term goals are designed.Organizing We will analyze our resources and determine the volume of products to purchase and the individual cost to generate profits. We will also review how many employees will be needed.Directing Our managers will be tasked with the responsibility of encouraging positive degree behavior from employees to create production that leads to higher profitable margins. Managers will implement a reward system for consistent high producers.Controlling The entire group will survey the operation and gauge areas that may require improvements or adjustments to maximize sales volumes. The team will also use the same goals and objectives that were antecedently established to review any issues or concerns and confirm that any negative feedback that may have been received is addressed.A strategic plan would be rattling necessary and important for this business to solidify a position in the e-commerce industry where customers can shop for quality products and the company will earn profits, composition instilling great customer service. The four functions of management are relative to creating and implementing a strategic plan so all areas are balanced and process in conjunction with the expectations of the business.DQ 2 What is the difference between military mission and vision st atements? What factors must be considered to produce an appropriate mission and vision statement for an organization?Vision and mission statements various phrases that a company uses to describe or state their values, direction, integrity position, beliefs and style. The difference between the vision and mission statement is that the mission statement defines the part, goals and objectives of a business. The mission statement also explains the impact the business will have on the community. The vision statement speaks more to the values of the organization, explains the purpose of the achievements, and outlines how things should be done as the goals and objectives are being followed.In order to produce an appropriate mission and vision statement the business should focus on elements that build trust among potential consumers that will help them to understand the primary facets from which the business plans to operate. Some key variables are the quality of products and services that will be delivered, the contribution to the community, and the ethical position that will be the foundation of good business behaviors

Machiavelli: Hero or Villain? Essay

Writing one of the most acclaimed books of all time must not have been easy not one bit. Stating that, the concomitant that Frederick Douglas, among many others, is capable of criticizing Machiavelli and his genius work on The Prince, really infuriates me. Unconsciously, Niccolo Machiavelli became one of the first and most important philosophical leaders of all time subsequently writing The Prince. Although The Prince is considered one of the greatest pieces of political theory in hi falsehood, it is not always looked upon favorably, and a clear example of this comes from Frederick the Great. In 1739, Frederick the Great wrote a arch critique of The Prince entitled Refutation of The Prince of Machiavelli in which he expressed that he thought Machiavelli corrupted politics, and in doing so hoped to destroy the very percepts of sound devotion.This is an idea with which I dont particularly side with. In his critique of The Prince, Frederick the Great talks approximately how this bo ok is one of the most touch-and-go pieces of literature that has ever been released to the world. He describes how if this book were to fall into the hands of young, naive princes whose judgment hasnt fully developed, their perspectives would be corrupted. Honestly, Frederick has this all wrong. The Prince is meant to be looked at as a type of handbook or guide which Machiavelli created in order for the current prince to have a successful career as commander in chief. He is hoping to help and facilitate the journey the person who is the acting prince, which in that miscue was de Medici. It is clear that Frederick the Great thought that Machiavellis intentions in writing the story were to corrupt the mind of young princes, but the wise words on the guide had only one unique function to ease the roll of the universe a prince.This is why Frederick is certainly wide of the mark concerning his opinions. In the midst of Fredericks severe evaluation of The Prince, he mentions a quote ma de by Machiavelli which appears in the book. The citation went as following, Since all men are villainous and will not living their word with you, there is no obligation for you to keep faith with them. Frederick the Great consequently goes on to critiquing Machiavelli by saying that he is implying that the prince should act without mercy and be a cruel ruler of his people. He then goes on to complain about how Machiavelli is of evil influence and that he is out to corrupt politics and in doing so hoped to destroy the very percepts of sound faith. Honestly, this quote mad by Niccolo is one which needs to be looked at figuratively. Machiavelli is trying to convince the prince to become a powerful, significant figure with his people, who doesnt let himself get pushed over.Hes is implying that the prince be one who is firm in his decisions and but is also feared by his people. He explains why this should be reasoning that being feared is the equivalent of being respected. Machiavel li strongly recomm lay offed a leader with no remorse meaning the certain respect from the people he ruled over. Near the end of the critique, Frederick the Great points out how Machiavelli thought that the, people would be more impressed by the show of devotion, than revolted by the bad treatment they have trustworthy from the prince. thither is no room for doubt concerning this matter. Machiavelli is very clear concerning his perspective. A prince who wishes to be respected and looked well upon must be a demanding one who shows his commitment and committal to his duties.Frederick is completely wrong in believing that Machiavelli wishes the prince to treat his people incorrectly. All that Machiavelli is implying is that the prince must not be one who doesnt show his presence as a leader. He must be demanding and at times harsh. This will make him seem as a leader who doesnt care about his people, but in reality, he is just doing what is best for them. Machiavelli also previously stated that it is better for a prince to be feared than loved because of the amount of respect received when he is feared. This does not mean that the prince be a diabolical one, it means he must be devoted to all he sets mind to without affectionateness for anything else but his people.All in all, the prince must not be a push over in the eyes of the public and this is all that Machiavelli meant to say. Although The Prince is considered one of the greatest pieces of political theory in history, naturally, it is not always looked upon favorably. It is clear that not all will see eye to eye concerning this piece of literature, as is the case with Frederick the Great. This being said, this book is not a list of what princes actually do, moreover, it is a guide to help a man become a prince looked up to by the people he governs over. This is clearly what Machiavelli wanted to get through, and it is how Machiavelli and his work on The Prince should be remembered for many years to come.

Euthanasia: Death and Life-sustaining Treatment Essay

Physicians are committed to sustaining life and relieving suffering. Where the performance of one duty conflicts with the other the patients wishes should prevail. Physicians are required by the principle of patient autonomy to respect a competent patients decision to forgo life-sustaining treatment, which prolongs life without reversing the underlying medical condition. critical treatment includes, but is not limited to, mechanical ventilation, renal dialysis, chemotherapy, use of antibiotics, other drugs, and artificial nutrition and hydration. Define euthanasia and identify the difference amongst the types of euthanasia (passive/active euthanasia) Euthanasia is defined as the administration of a lethal agent by another person to a patient for the design of relieving the patients intolerable and incurable suffering.Some opponents feel that euthanasia is incompatible with the physicians role as healer, would be difficult to get wind if made public policy, and would pose serious societal risks. Instead of practicing euthanasia, physicians should be sensitive to the needs of dying patients. Patients should not be abandoned when cure is unachievable and should continue to receive emotional support, comfort care, adequate pain control, respect for autonomy, and effective communication. Discuss your beliefs regarding euthanasia. Are there any circumstances when you feel it is justify? Explain your answer. When it becomes evident that a patients disease is incurable and death is imminent, palliative care may serve the dying patient remediate than curative care. Palliative care is directed toward providing relief to terminally ill patients through symptom and pain management.The goal is not to cure but to abide comfort and maintain the highest possible quality of life. Going beyond relief of disease symptoms, palliative care includes relief of emotional distress and other problems so that a patients last months and days may be as comfortable as possible. Tradi tionally, in educational Define and describe the extra populations as presented on the Pro/Con web site, and how this population might be adversely affected by euthanasia. Discuss your beliefs regarding euthanasia and these special populations. position and describe the law(s) concerning physician assisted suicide in the state you reside or the state you consider your family unit state. Compare and contrast laws in your home state against either Oregons Death with Dignity Act or another state of your choice.

Research Proposal and Preliminary Reference Page

introductory research helps me decide which parts of a selected topic to study establish on if there is enough, too much, or too little information available (Sole, 2010). I then plan to form a hypothesis to be asked so I can find different types of aspects to cover in my paper to prove or disprove my hypothesis. After this, I can throw an outline of the paper I want to put together. I stomach had to face some challenges while searching for the information on my topic I have chosen.One of these challenges was having trouble choosing from all the different ways that I can branch my topic off to. I first was thinking about researching how the media affects preteens by portraying a glamorous life of being famous. On the other hand, I also wanted to see how the average mystify figure sincerely matched up to the standards of father figures portrayed in todays media. I feel that I will end up going in the direction of how the average father figure really matched up to the standards of father figures portrayed in todays media.I find this limitation of the topic to be very interesting because I personally grew up without a father figure and would like to see how the average father compares to the loving and caring ones I have seen on many of todays television shows. I think this will make me feel more at ease in my own mind of wondering what my life would have been like with a father in the house If I had not been adopted out to a widowed mother. References Sole, K. (2010). Writing College Research Papers (Volvo. ENG 122). San DiegoBridgeport Education, Inc. Research Proposal and Preliminary Reference Page By lickerish Lickerish Fletcher ENGINE I decided to choose the topic titled Values portrayed in popular media. I lay down this to be an interesting topic or gut-feeling when thinking about all the choices of it out to be interesting. I plan to positively limit my topic by doing some preliminary interesting because I personally grew up without a father figure an d would like to see mind of wondering what my life would have been like with a father in the house if I

Law Case Study Essay

QUESTIONOn 1 October, purchaser saw a courier van with a FOR SALE sign that included a tele rally bend and a charge of $25,000 cash. That night, vendee called seller. purchaser explained that he would have to borrow the capital but could get it next week. vendor provided his address to vendee and told Buyer, If you want the van, mail me a chip for $5000. Pay the balance by1 November. Later that day, Buyer mail Seller a $5000 cheque. The next night, at Buyers 18th birthday company, Buyer discussed the deal with Investor. After buying the van, Buyer planned to start a document courier service, and he had spent $1200 on origin cards, flyers and a cellular phone. Buyer projected a profit of $50,000 in the first year. Investor was impressed with Buyers plans and agreed to loan Buyer $20,000 to buy the van.On 25 October, Buyer called Seller to pick up the van. Seller refused and said someone had snaped him $35,000 for the van. Seller had not cash Buyers cheque as yet. Seller t wirled to deposit the cheque and give him the van if Buyer would pay Seller $20,000 now plus $400 a month for 25 months. Buyer laughed and said, Yeah, right. provided without a van, Buyer would not be able to start his courier service. Investor wants to hire you to give Buyer legal advice. Prepare a memorandum addressing the following matters in detail, and including relevant incase rectitude to give your arguments What are Buyers potential claims against Seller? What are Sellers potential defences? Who is presumable to prevail in the event this case goes to court? Assume Buyer prevails in his lawsuit against Seller. What change is Buyer likely to receive from the court?SUMMARY AND germane(predicate) FACTSIn this case Buyer is complainant whereas Seller is defendant.October 1Buyer saw courier van FOR SALE with a telephone number at the scathe of$25000. Buyer called seller later at night and told him that he could borrow money by next week. Seller demanded $5000 by cheque a nd to pay re main(prenominal)ing by November 1. Buyer mailed the cheque.October 2Buyer became a major. Buyer spent $1200 on courier service advertisement. Investor loaned vendee $20,000.October 25Seller refused as he had gotten a better offer of $35,000.Seller offered to deposit the vendees un-cashed cheque on conditions for the buyer to pay $20,000 for van + $400 for the next 25 months. Buyer refused his forward-looking offer.ISSUE(S)The main issue is this scenario is whether it is a validated compress or not. If yes, then what are the rights and dam advances usable to buyer on breach of nail down by seller? The following sections of Australian bundle law should be satisfied in order to take up this contract valid. (see below) These divisors need to be explored to determine whether it is applicable.RULE/ RELEVANT LAWSAll the agreements are contracts if they are do by the free consent of the parties competent to contract, for a rightful(a) status and with a lawful obje ct and are not expressly declared to be void. The somebody making the offer is known as the offerer, proposer, or declarer and the person to whom it is make is called the offeree or proposee. When the offeree pick outs the offer, he is called the acceptor or promise. When at the desire of the promisor, the promisee or any other person has done or abstained from doing, or does or abstains from doing , or promise to do or to abstain from doing something, such act or fasting or promise is called a consideration for the promise. Every person is competent to contract if heis an age of majority,Is a sound mind,And is not disqualified from contracting by any law to which he is subject. actionA contract is formed valid if there is an offer, acceptance and consideration.FORMATION OF THE VALID CONTRACT stretch forth VS. INVITATION TO OFFERThere are some kinds of activities which appear to be making offer but licitly are not, for instance, distributing broachers and circulars, display of goods for sale and advertising. So the seller could raise the point that he didnt make an offer. He only made an invitation to make an offer. Partridge vs. Crittenden 19681 The FOR SALE sign would not considered as an offer since it is an invitation to make an offer. In this case, buyer made an offer by profession the seller.ACCEPTANCEFor making a valid contract following elements should be essential offer, acceptance and bearing/consideration (Graw, S. (2002). An introduction to the law of contract. (4th ed) chapter 2, page 94). Buyer made an offer to the seller but was unable to enter into a contract since he did not have money until the next week. But the seller shows a manifestation of an intention that he wanted to accept his offer. Seller made a counter offer by inquire buyer to send him $5000 on the same day by cheque through post and the domicile of amount until November 1. The postal rule of acceptance is applied. In this scenario, buyer accepted the offer when he maile d the $5000 the next day because this way seller wanted the acceptance. A valid contract is formed which is irrevokable until November 1. Routledge v. Grant, (1828) 4 Bing. 653 2INTENTION AND CONSIDERATIONFor the agreement to be viewed as a contract, it must either be support by consideration or be a formal contract. This is the third essential element required to form a valid contract. (M.L Barron, fundamental of business law, chapter 7, page 207) The consideration is this case is $5000 from the promisor to the promisee to exert the option open Currie vs. Misa 918750 L.R. 10 ex.1533.CAACITY OF PARTIESThe buyer was minor at the formation of contract October 1. This could be the seller defends against the buyer that he was a minor at that time and the agreement is ab initio since the consideration would not counted. According to the Australian Consumer Law some people are under a disability when it comes to making contracts (e.g. minors) their capacity to contract is restricted. (M .L Barron, fundamental of business law, chapter 7, page193). Consideration which passed under the earlier contract potentiometernot be implied into a contract which the minor enters on attaining majority. Thus, the consideration given during the minority is no consideration. If it is infallible a fresh contract may be entered into by the minor on attaining majority provided it is supported by fresh consideration. Lesile V. Shiell, (1914) 3 K. B. 6074. The completion of agreement was November 1 and buyer turned into a major on October 2. And both the parties were agreed till October 24. Seller could not accuse that the contract is ab-initio because they have correlative consideration till October 24.It makes the contract voidable at the option of buyer not the seller at the time since the seller is unaware of the fact that he is a minor. But in the completion tip buyer becomes a major. Therefore, seller bay windownot terminate the contract on basis of that. There is a valid cons ideration from both of the parties- from buyer that he will pay him until November 1 and sellers agreed on it. The contract becomes irrevocable. In spite of whether seller sending the cheque back, or didnt cash the cheque. He can indicate that he didnt accept it. But the acceptance is made at the time when he received the cheque. If it is a valid contract and someone does not perform it on their part of bargain. In other words, he is repudiating it, and then the words must be certain. When buyer calls the seller he jilted to sell his van. But buyer has an option available to purchase it until November 1. Seller can argue that there wasnt a proper contract it was preliminary negotiations. He can argue that he made a counter offer. If the case goes to the court buyer will prevail the law suit.Damages available to buyerBreaches of contract are normally remedied by an award of restitution- an amount of money that is gainful as compensation, fairly and reasonably considered to arise naturally from the breach itself. It is reasonably supposed to have been in the contemplation of both parties at the time they made the contract, as the probable result of the breach (Gillies, P. (2004). work law. (12th Ed.) Chapter 8, page 325). If the court gives decision in favour of buyer and it concludes that the contract is valid. Then buyer can sue the seller and at a time return of his $5000 cheque and for any actual, consequential and extra damages Hadley vs. Baxendale5.Inorder to obtain consequential damages seller must have known about the losings that are caused by his breach. Buyer will argue that he has lost $1200 on cards, flyers and cell phone call as well as $50,000 that he can generate annually from that van. Seller could argue that buyer is not entitled for these damages since there is nothing mention in the contract retaining to these loses. The court will favour seller over here since it is not a unique van that buyer cannot do the business without it. When a contract has been broken, the hurt party can recover from the other party such damages as naturally and directly arose in the usual course of things from the breach.This means that the damages must be the proximate consequence of the breach of contract. These damages are known as public and/ or actual damages. Buyer can sue for actual damages, which would be the difference in price of the van and the comparable prevailing price in market. He can also obtain the special damages which would be costs curtailing from the breach like wastage of time and money from searching a new one.CONCLUSIONSeller made an inviting gesture for an offer for his good. Buyer made an offer by calling the seller for his good however he could not enter the contract for lack of money. Seller made a counter offer by asking for a mailed $5000 cheque. Buyer accepted the offer and therefore got into contract. The contract was made on the 2nd of October, one day before the buyer became a major, and was standing until the 1st of November, before which the seller backed out of the contract at the 25th of October. Seller may argue that the contract was not ab initio as the buyer was a minor at the time of contract. However, the buyer may argue that since the seller agreed to the contract, by accepting the mailed cheque, later the buyer was a major the contract is not ab initio and in fact does exist. In case the case goes to court the buyer will prevail in the law suit as the injured party.REFERENCESTEXT BOOK(Graw, S. (2002). An introduction to the law of contract. (4th ed) chapter 2, page 94) (M.L BARRON, fundamental of business law, chapter 7, page 207) (M.LBarron, fundamental of business law, chapter 7, page 193) (Gillies, P. (2004). Business law. (12th Ed.) Chapter 8, page 325) Gibson, A. and Fraser, D, (2007). Business law (3rd ed.) Chapter 7, page 293 CASESPartridge vs. Crittenden 19681Partridge v Crittenden was a landmark 1968 British Court ruling that set legal precedent in that cou ntry. The case cogitate on the nature of advertisements in regard to the obligation of those who post them. Specifically, this case involved the sale of a bird, which the buyer, Crittenden, claimed was misrepresented in the ad. While Partridge initially lost the case, he later won on appeal. The significance of this ruling relates not to the sale of birds in particular, but whether an ad is an offer for sale or an invitation to treat. Routledge v. Grant, (1828) 4 Bing. 653 2Defendant (D) offered to buy plaintiffs (P) house for a specific price with a definite answer to be given within six weeks. D was not bound to keep the offer open Best CJ if six weeks are given on one side to accept an offer, the other has six weeks to put an end to it. One party cannot be bound without the other.Currie vs. Misa 1875 L.R. 10 ex.1533 eve relatively trivial things can be sufficient consideration e.g. chocolate wrappers but a promise not to bore someone cannot, because it has no value.Lesile V. Shi ell, (1914) 3 K. B. 6074.Defendant obtained loans from plaintiff by fraudulently misrepresenting that he was of full age at the time of contract. Defendant sued him to recover the money. Hadley vs. Baxendale5A shaft in Hadleys (P) mill broke rendering the mill inoperable. Hadley hired Baxendale (D) to transport the broken mill shaft to an maneuver in Greenwich so that he could make a duplicate. Hadley told Baxendale that the shaft must be sent immediately and Baxendale promised to deliver it the next day. Baxendale did not know that the mill would be inoperable until the new shaft arrived. Baxendale was thoughtless and did not transport the shaft aspromised, causing the mill to remain shut down for an surplus five days. Hadley had paid 2 pounds four shillings to ship the shaft and sued for 300 pounds in damages ascribable to lost profits and wages. The jury awarded Hadley 25 pounds beyond the amount already paid to the court and Baxendale appealed.

Relationship-Driven Leaders Focus on People, Not Power Essay

My article talks more or less the behavioral theories, as the author discussed the new stream in leadershiphip orientation. To be more specific, he believed that as the industry is now facing globalization and rapid win over, leaders must adapt this changing landscape or risk losing high-potential employees. Younger employees prefer relationship-driven leaders and a sense of community. So in other words, they value relationships and leaders who respect their ideas and consult them on decisions.Bobbie (2010) alsok an example of a planetary counsel who successfully led a group for years before hiring a vice electric chair to help manage a growing workload. Because this leader spent his career in the traditional model, he found it difficult to delegate work to the new vice president. The issue was not about power, further an Inability to let go and combine the new vice president to complete the work well. If the ecumenical counsel had formed a stronger personal connection with the vice president nd built trust based on that relationship, he could have empowered the vice president Instead of constraining her performance.Relationship-driven leaders are more empathetic, patient and tolerant. They approach decision-making subjectively, using personal values as a channelize and examining how each option will impact others. Yet, while they are adept at listening and beat personal connections, they can sometimes appear too concerned about what others think or too weak to make tough decision. While leaders cant change their innate personalities, they can change their behavior.Adopting these best practice behaviors will enable leaders to be more effective in an progressively diverse workplace 1. Open yourself to different viewpoints. 2. Balance empathy with strong decision-making. 3. Collaborate on issues management. 4. Champion employee development. 5. take int mistake silence for agreement. By adopting a relationship-driven approach, leaders can earn the tr ust and government agency of an increasingly diverse workforce and improve long-term retention.

Secondary Youth Perspective On Dropping Out Of School Education Essay

The drift at which pupils ar dropping emerge of naturalize is a quandary and has be add together a dependable job for train territories across the render. The intent of this survey is to reap penetrations from the dropouts themselves, sing their de endpointination to go onwards tutor in the beginning completion and to codify their perceptual experiences, beliefs and attitudes toward dropping out of enlighten. This paper examines the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptual experiences by querys and leave alone be conducted on 10 participants in Penang. A qualitative research method was employ to c oncentrate on the significance that people make of their lives, their experiences, and their environment.Secondary Youth Perspective on Droping step up of SchoolConcern for dropouts is non new. Mohamad Kamal Haji Nawawi ( Bornep Post Online, 2012 ) , general director for Malayan Talents Development of Talent pot Malaysia Berhad said that between Form One and Form Five, out of the 400,000 pupils that enrolled in Form One, just almost 44,000 would go forth school yearly before finishing their Form Five, or Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia. Some 80,000 pupils are estimated to live on dropped out of secondary schools from 2006 to 2010, said Deputy Education Minister Datuk Dr Wee Ka Siong ( The Malaysian Insider, 2011 ) . He speculated that some factors for dungs out may be for wellness grounds, to come in the work force and beca use up of deficiency of amour in instruction ( The Malaysian Insider, 2011 ) . Previously parents can state they have five or half dozen kids and can non afford to pay school fees. Now, the authorities is taking attention of that. If they do non hold the money, they result be given RM100 and for hapless households, we give RM500 one-off, said Dr Wee ( The Malaysian Insider, 2011 ) . We are working towards that, intending policy-wise we indigence to do everyone finish Form Five, at least pure(a) the secondary instruction, he said when asked if the ministry will see doing secondary school registration as mandatary. said Dr Wee ( The Malaysian Insider, 2011 ) . Before face at the grounds for dropping out from school, it is necessary to specify what is means to drop out. We use term dropout refer to youth whom leave secondary school before commencement exercise, including those who leave but return subsequently, and those who afterward complete some signifier of equivalency lambskin ( Audus & A Willms, 2001 ) . Droping out of school is a serious job, and auberge is eventually admiting the profound societal and economic effects for pupils, their households, the school and the confederation. Leaving school without a sheepskin can hold permanent negative effects on the individual socially and economically, doing terrible disadvantages come ining into big life.Understanding wherefore pupils drop out of school is the key to turn toing this major educational job. A figure of theories have been advanced to u nderstand the particular phenomenon of the saging out ( Audas & A Willms, 2001 Finn & A Zimmer, 2012 Rumberger & A Lim, 2008 ) . The theorical position to be used in this survey will be the Rumberger s ( 2011 ) model that use single factors associated with pupils themselves, such as their attitudes, behaviours and educational public presentation. The other frameworks focal point on the contextual factors found in pupils households, schools, and communities. Both models are utile and, necessary to understand this complex phenomenon. It is of import for the community to cognize why pupils are dropping out of school. There are figure of grounds.Individual flummoxIndividual factors that predict whether pupils drop out or alumnus from high school autumn into tetrad countries ( 1 ) behaviours, ( 2 ) attitudes, and ( 3 ) educational public presentation.( 1 ) Behavior. A broad scope of behaviours both in and out of school have been shown to foretell dropout and graduation. One of t he most of import is student battle, which includes pupils active engagement in faculty member work ( e.g. , coming to category, making prep ) and the societal facets of school ( e.g. , feature parting in athleticss or other extracurricular activities ) . Misbehavior in high school and bedraggled behaviour outside of high school are both decidedly associated with higher dropout and lower graduation rates. Adolescents who drink and fume are more likely to originate sex earlier than their equals those who engage in these behaviour forms frequently have a history of troubles in school ( Rumberger, 2011 ) . Having friends who engage in lamentable behaviour or friends who have dropped out besides increases the odds of dropping out ( Rumberger, 2011 ) .( 2 ) Attitudes. The dropout publications has by and large focused on a individual indicator- educational outlooks ( how far in school a pupil expects to travel ) and has found that higher degrees of educational outlooks are associa ted with lower dropout rates.( 3 ) educational public presentation. Droping out represents one facet of three interconnected dimensions of educational public presentation ( 1 ) academic accomplishment, as reflected in classs and trial tonss, ( 2 ) educational stableness, which reflects whether pupils remain in the same school ( school stableness ) or remain enrolled in school at all ( enrollment stableness ) , and ( 3 ) educational attainment, which is reflected by old ages of schooling completed and the completion of grades or sheepskin ( Rumberger and Lim, 2008 ) . The model suggests that educational attainment is dependent on both educational stableness and academic accomplishment. That is, pupils who either pause their schooling by dropping out or altering schools, or who have hapless academic accomplishment in school, are less likely to graduate or finish that section of schooling. seek QuestionThe research inquiries examined in this paper areCardinal inquiryWhat are the groun ds for pupils separation from school?SubquestionsWhat factors contributed to their determination to go forth?Can the dropouts themselves reveal the critical junctions in their determination to disturb their instruction?What can school decision makers and pedagogues do to forestall pupils from dropping out?The chief focal point of treatment will be around the grounds for dropping out of school and cognizing why they make such determination. The 3rd research inquiry is to understand either they still can support into some educational scene. Finally, the 4th inquiry is looks at illustrations of good pattern, seek to forestall this procedure happens once more.Significance of the StudyKeeping pupils in school is really of import for the wellbeing of the pupils and society as a whole. Objective of this paper is to understand the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptual experiences of the dropout pupils through oppugns. The participant reply will facilitate schools develop plans or policie s for cut downing the school bead out rate. What helps in accomplishing this nonsubjective essential be studied so that suited intercessions and policies may be drawn out and implemented by the relevant governments. To cut down the dropout rates of pupils in the long tally, the issue of school battle essential be given due consideration. Schools can besides profit from the findings of the survey. School disposal can psychoanalyze how existing school patterns, the school atmosphere and instructors affect pupils school attitude.Research ParadigmDroping out of school can non be understood merely by analyzing the conditions of households and schools, or even the behaviours of pupils. The research worker takes a societal constructivism base as the research worker is seeking to understand by analyzing the positions and readings of those conditions and behaviours by dropouts themselves. Phenomenology surveies of dropouts are based on this premiss.MethodologyApproachThis research will b e taking a phenomenalogical effort as the research worker will be analyzing their lives, their experiences, and their environment. A qualitative research can assist understand the grounds for dropping out of school. Interview and interact with a little group of school dropouts. Main interview types that qualitative research workers use are in-depth, one-on-one interviews.Interview QuestionsWhat factors contributed to their determination to go forth?What can school decision makers and pedagogues do to forestall pupils from dropping out?Was dropping out of school a good determination or a bad determination for you? Explain why. string your grounds for go forthing school early.When you think back over the old ages, depict any specific events that lead up to your dropping out of school.Would you make anything otherwise if you had the chance?Is there anything else you would wish to state?SampleThe participants will be obtained utilizing a convenience trying method. The first participan t will be introduced by an familiarity and the participants are asked to propose other participants who qualify.10 participants will be interviewed for this research. These interviews were typically 30 to 1 hr in continuance. The participants were asked a set of semi-structured open-ended inquiries in a prearranged order. Perticipant of the survey should be above 18, no specific pick of gender or ethnicity, must be an grownup who has dropped out from school.ProcedureThe interview will be conducted on 10 participants with the presence of research worker. Throughout the session, the participants will be asked inquiries about the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptual experiences. It will wholly be do in a maximal clip of 1 hr, and a lower limit of 30 proceedingss, and merely be a erstwhile interview, this is so that the participants would non be excessively tired after the interview. The interview will be recorded in audio formatting so that a written text can be done. The interview wil l be done in a closed room so that the privateness and the confidentiality of the participants will be protected with the trounce attempts of the experimenter. Participants can decline to reply any inquiry. Participant replies to all inquiries are private and confidential.Dependability and rigourousnessTo guarantee dependability of the consequences for this research, pilot trial will be conducted on one of the participant before the existent research begins. The pilot trial will be used to guarantee that the inquiries are satisfactory of acquiring the needed replies and to look into whether a certain interview location would be suited for this interview every bit good as to cognize the estimated clip an interview will take. After the complete aggregation of informations the consequences will be taken back to the participant to corroborate that there was no misconceive of the participant s words. A equal reappraisal will besides be conducted among the researches class compeer to guarantee that the research worker had non do any errors.

Externalities Of Water Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Hu Siyi, frailty curate of H2O resources, said that earnest rivers pollution and the deteriorating aquatic ecology be rather outstanding and may endanger the state s sustainable growing. This try is speaking about the externalitys of H2O pollution in china.The outwardnesss beggarly the outside effects of activities, negative outwardnesss inculpate the bad consequence. The outwardnesss are created when societal costs and benefits differ from private costs and benefits. For illustration, a chemical working may dump run off into a river in order to minimise its costs. Further down the river, a H2O company has to handle the H2O to take unsafe chemicals before providing imbibing H2O to its clients. Its clients chip in to pay high monetary values because of the pollutionThere are 4 chief solutions of political science interference of outwardnesss First intercession is Regulation which smasheds regime regulations on how much pollution allowed. warrant intercession is Widenin g Property Rights which means authorities gives those who are injured the right to action. Third intercession is Taxation which means authorities Shifts the cost to the birthrs. The 4th intercession is permissions which means authorities determines how much of an outwardness should be allowed in society, divides those effects into building blocks, so get it ons licenses which than be traded and sold between companies.First, the H2O pollution in mainland China is extraordinary serious It is showed by China Daily, which was established in June 1981 and has the widest print circulation of any English-language report in the state ( over 500,000 transcripts per issue, of which a tierce are abroad ) that 40 per centum of Chinese rivers were earnestly polluted and unfit for imbibing after 75 one thousand million tones of sewerage and waste H2O were accomplish in 2010.As the consequence the serious H2O pollution have increased the hazard of unhealthiness and malignant neoplastic si ckness.For Industrialization. In a figure of pollutants released by TVIEs ( township-village industrial endeavors ) have been linked to baleful wellness effects. In China overall, liver and tummy malignant neoplastic disease deceases have dual since the 1970s, and are now the taking causes of malignant neoplastic disease mortality in rural China. China now has the highest liver malignant neoplastic disease decease rate in the universe. When TVIEs in to a greater extent than contaminated countries are examined, they show a general addition in malignant neoplastic disease mortality.Harmonizing to the figure of Cancer mortality from H2O pollution. It besides shows that malignant neoplastic disease mortality in contaminated countries has been steadily increasing over clip. Although diet and alcohol ingestion may play a function in the increased malignant neoplastic disease rates, environmental promoters are besides relevant. ( Wu, 2006 ) .For agribusiness, in malice of the increased example of fertiliser, merely 30 % of fertilisers applied to agricultural harvests are used effectively Despite the increased usage of fertiliser, merely 30 % of fertilisers applied to agricultural harvests are used efficaciously. As a consequence, nonpoint beginning pollution has been declining dramatically. Surplus usage of fertilisers, and the discharge of human and livestock body waste into the lakes of intensively farmed states are taking to lakes eutrophication ( overloading of H2O organic structures with organic stuffs and foods, which helped algal blooms and consume the O ready(prenominal) for aquatic beings ) . The pro mannerration of algae has affected H2O supply beginnings and forced the impermanent closing of H2O workss, which are turning in fresh water. For illustration, Taihu, which is the 3rd largest fresh water lake in China, has become a study sink of agricultural and rural wastewaters generated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces.As a consequence Algal blooms ar e the factor of a far more than serious menace to human wellness, More than 80 % of 480 algae samples taken from surface Waterss collected throughout China produced unwellnesss. and the inordinate usage of fertilisers besides a important issue of a far more serious menace to human wellness.Second, H2O pollution have caused serious H2O deficit and H2O deficit have given many negative outwardnesss to Chinese life and China s economic musical arrangementAbout Chinese life Because of the big population the command of H2O in China is extraordinary monolithic. With a population of 1.3 jillion people, China consumes more than 600 billion three-dimensional metres of H2O every twelvemonth, and about three-fourthss of its functional H2O resources. It is reported by the Ministry ofWater Resources that the mean per capita of H2O resources is merely 2,100 three-dimensional metres each twelvemonth, or about 28 per centum of the universe s mean degree. About two-thirds of Chinese metropoliss are water-needy, while about 300 million rural occupants lack ingress to safe imbibing H2O, taking to a national H2O deficit of over 50 billion three-dimensional metres on norm every twelvemonth ( Hu, 2012 )On the some other manus. When the require of H2O is more greater than the supply of H2O in China the monetary value of H2O in China will growing somewhat. In north of China H2O deficit is more serious than other topographic point in China, so the monetary value in North of China is higher than others, as a consequence people who live in North of China should pay more money on H2O, the high monetary value of H2O will add force per unit area to the people and people will hold less money to purchase or waste goods and services, this phenomenon give negative effects to China s economic system.Meanwhile, Uncountable industries in China besides consume much H2O.For illustration, Beijin, which is a 1 of the biggest metropoliss in China, which has several H2O job consumed 3.06 A- 108 m3 H2O in 2008. Consequences from counterfeit scenario illustrated that, due to the utmost H2O scarceness state of affairs, industry in Beijing would still anticipate a serious H2O shortage job even with a really optimistic scenario for the afterlifeIt is said by Hu who is the president of China that the H2O deficit will acquire worse in the hereafter, Unless we take decisive and mandatory steps to halt the over-exploitation activities, .So Chinese authorities chief usage Regulation, which means authorities regulations on how much pollution allowed to work out H2O deficit. It is announced by local authoritiess that Adding to the state s H2O safety force per unit area are thought-provoking development programs In 2012, which experts say will necessarily greatly increase H2O demand for industrial and residential usage.Furthermore the State Council, or China s cabinet, unveiled a guideline on Thursday to modulate the usage of H2O under the strictest standards, cresting the maxim al mess of H2O usage at 700 billion three-dimensional metres by the terminal of 2030 and China will work to maintain its entire volume of H2O usage below 670 billion three-dimensional metres in 2020..Besides, the authorities will dispatch its supervise over development of belowground H2O, farther protect beginnings of imbibing H2O, and reconstruct the aquatic ecological system by presenting water-use licences and other steps. ( Hu, 2012 )The cardinal authorities has planned 4 trillion kwais ( $ 634.9 billion ) of investing in H2O resources preservation undertakings over the following 10 old ages, of which 1.8 trillion kwais will be invested during the 2011-2015 period.at once China faces a tougher state of affairs in H2O resources in the hereafter as demand increases amid the state s rapid industrialisation and urbanisation, an functionary said Thursday at a force per unit area conference, China besides get in problem because of H2O deficit. The Chinese authorities has already ma ke a committedness to salvaging the state s quickly depleting H2O resources. but how to set up a legislative and regulative mechanism, every bit good as a policy model to guide on the dearly-won attempts of H2O pollution control is besides a large challenge for Chinese authorities

Conflict of Cultural Expectations

Social expectations be something every person faces. No matter integritys gender, ethnicity, or class, everyone feels pressure to behave a certain way, and I believe one of the most defining character traits is whether one chooses to adjust to these hearty pressures or to pave his or her own path in cargoner. Despite the existence of companionable norms in every culture, certain cultures hold these expectations in often high regards than others, and breaking such social laws can have detrimental consequences.In Women of the Silk and Jasmine, we see numerous examples of societal expectations of women, as well as the different ways in which the women characters respond. This gives us insight into their individual strengths and weaknesses, specifically involving how they screw with the struggle betwixt what they want and what is expected of them. In Women of the Silk, on that point is great significance placed on expectations of women, specifically in China circa 1920s, inc luding pressures to live a certain lifestyle and behave in an allow for manner at all times.The differences between how women react to these pressures is first depicted by the contrast between Pei and her old sister Li. While from my modern American perspective Pei is clearly the stronger, more admirable of the two, this is kinda opposite from the traditional Chinese perspective of the time. Li is a principal example of the ideal womanhood from the Chinese culture perspective. She is, by nature, a dutiful and submissive girl, who lackes to please others and stick to the status quo. This is unequivocal through with(predicate)out childhood, and continues as she gets older and is expected to marry.In contrast, Pei is curious by nature, ever so asking questions and seeking answers, condescension being reprimanded frequently for doing so. Lis passive nature and Peis bold, defiant manner are revealed throughout the novel, beginning with their childhood. For example, whe neer the two girls play together, Pei is always the one running ahead and then lemniscus to wait on her sister. Pei asks questions which Li calmly answers, and while Pei explores her surroundings, Li is content to sit still and quietly.One passing game on page 19 of the text reads, Next to Pei, she could hear Lis even ventilation and feel her calmness. Lis hands rested quietly on her knees, while Peis tangle the ground beside them for anything that would make the water splash. This example depicts the dissimilarity between the two girls personalities and contrasts Peis curiosity with Lis contentment. This difference between the sisters is significant in that it is the factor that ultimately dictates which of them their father, Pao, pull up stakes decide to impart to work in the silk factory.After visiting a fortune teller, who predicts that Li will get married further is unsure of Peis fate, Pao decides that Pei is better suited to work at the factory, as there is no countenance of be ing able to marry her off and lighten the familys financial burden. Consequently, Peis life is install in motion on an unusual path, and one that certainly does non conform to the standards and expectations of women at the time. Lis subservient nature is further proven later in the novel, when she marries a much older farmer simply because she thinks it is what is expected of her.While her father does not force her to marry the farmer, she does anyway because it is what she is supposed to do, and she assumes it will please her family. Likewise, she still does not go back to her family when she finds out that her new husband is violent and abusive, as women are expected to be loyal to their husbands no matter what. Although this trait of being passive and dutiful is addressed to be a positive attribute within her culture, it is one that seems to come at a much larger price than it is worth.While Pei may not be overjoyed to be sent to the factory, I would consider her fate far les s tragic than that of Lis spousals to the farmer. Just as Lis compliance stays with her as she matures out of childhood, so does Peis curiosity. At the silk factory, Pei asks questions primarily to Lin, who answers them with a kind of patience and willingness that Pei is not accustomed to. Peis impulsive nature is exposed once again when she decides, on a whim, that she wants to go through the hair dressing ceremony with Lin.Pei and Lis mother, Yu-sung, grew up in a family that allowed her to forego social expectations for women and instead encouraged her lively spirit and curiosity. However, when she marries, she faces much heavier social pressure to become quiet and submissive. Rather than refusing to conform to these expectations, she adapts to the fullest extent. Now, as we see by her obedience to Pao, her good disposition has changed drastically since her childhood. Yu-sung never states her thoughts if they conflict with those of her husband.For example, although she does no t necessarily agree that Pei should be sent to work, she would never utter a single word of protest, especially to Pao. While in our culture it is expected that a married couple make important decisions together, Yu-sung does not get involved in any particular family decisions throughout the novel, no matter how strongly she feels. This isnt to say she is apathetic by any means, as it is revealed upon Peis return how much she truly cares.However, it does show the high priority she places on fulfilling her manipulations as a woman and a wife properly and in the way anticipated of her. Another example of a character that, like Pei, refuses to conform to social norms and expectations is Auntie Yees daughter, Chen Ling. Chen Ling is portrayed as a charismatic leader among the girls at the silk factory, and it is made evident that she lives according to her own expectations of herself quite than pressure she feels from others and/or society in general.For example, Chen Ling is the fi rst to decide to go through a hair dressing ceremony, clearly showing that she likes to pave her own path in life rather than taking a trail someone else has already paved. For this reason, although Chen Ling is not a particularly sociable character, she captures my respect and admiration throughout the novel. The intensity of the pressure placed on women in this culture is difficult to comprehend in this day and age. However, the character in the novel that helps me develop a better understanding of the true force behind these pressures is Mei-li.Mei-li faces her familys expectation of her to marry the man they chose for her, whether roll in the hay exists between the two or not. She also faces societys expectations, which dictate that sex outside of marriage is inexcusable. All of the stress and weight of these pressures are what ultimately drive Mei-li to commit suicide. In this instance, it seems to me that Mei-lis actions are less representative of her own character, but rathe r say more about the society as a whole.Her suicide calls attention to the injustice in the existence of such extreme pressure and variation that is capable of causing someone to end their own life. In Jasmine, the main character, Jasmine, shows characteristics of both strength and weakness. The expectations she faces are somewhat different between the Indian background she comes from and the American culture circa 1980s in which she becomes immersed, and she handles them in different ways as well. The first time we see Jasmine refusing to follow the gender rules of society is when she kills one-half Face in chapter 17 of the novel.She mentions that this is not her first time being raped it has happened on more other accounts before. However, this time, rather than act in a submissive manner again as one would expect of an Indian woman, especially one so badly frightened, Jasmine loses control of her calm facade and savagely kills her rapist, referred to as Half Face. The second instance I notice in which Jasmine is nonconforming in regards to social norms is when she stays at the house of the Vadhera family.Rather than keeping her thoughts to herself, she takes matters into her own hands and is open about being miserable there, which ultimately leads to her moving to New York. If she had not made anyone else aware of her depressed feelings, Jasmine would have stayed true to her role as a traditional Indian woman, at the expense of her true hopes and dreams. In contrast to these examples and to what we had versed throughout the book of Jasmines somewhat rebellious nature, one might argue that she settles when moves to Iowa and stays with Bud.Although she is not in love with Bud, she stays at first because he is good to her and because she feels pity for him. However, when Taylor shows up to claim her back with him, Jasmines true colors shine through again, as she is unwilling to refuse herself satisfaction to convenience others or satisfy their expectat ions of her. While it may be mistaken as selfishness that leads her to behave this way, I think of it more as a strength. Jasmine is able to claim her own life by refusing to conform to the social expectations of her Indian culture or of American ulture. While characters from these two novels approach societal expectations in different manners, I think the same is true in every culture. There will always be a large contrast between those who go after what they want and refuse to be deterred by social pressure versus those who would rather fold to authority and please everyone around them. While there are assets to be found in both types of women, it is the Chen Lings and Jasmines that the instauration seems to remember and adore.Everyone has fears, and when we see someone able to throw fear to the wind and behave as they wish rather than as they believe they should, it is hard not to admire that person. From my perspective, people like Jasmine, Pei, and Chen Ling, who cover happin ess and refuse to abide by social dictations, should not be ashamed in the least. Rather, those such as Li and Yu-sung, who conform to their roles so completely that they deny themselves of happiness in the process, need to square up their self-worth and realize that they are smart and capable of thinking for themselves.

Contract Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Contract Law - Research Paper ExampleFor each matter that comes under the law of produce the approach implied is a mixture of both the classic and new models. yet according to some commentators the, modern sign on law lacks clear and distinct principles itself and in that respectfore each slip of paper has to be treated according to its specific circumstances and conditions. (Mulcahy. Pp 3-4. 2008) Proper law of set about is very Copernican in a society where the trading and exchange of goods and operate are important factors in maintaining the stinting order. In many of the developing capitalist societies, the proper regulation and support for exchange processes of trade and goods and services have to be there. (Mulcahy. Pp 6. 2008) A disruption of a contract is a situation in which iodin of the parties involved in the contract refuses or fails to fulfill its obligation or duty under the contract without giving any legal excuse or cause. The aim is to put the contract to a n end without fulfilling adepts liability. The breach of the contract is usually at the stake of one of the parties involved in the contract and for this reason, the law gives several remedies for the breach of contract. The remedy that is employed for the breach of a contract depends upon the type of breach, its method, nature, and seriousness. When there is a breach of contract the harmed or injured party can claim compensation from the restoration that resulted from the breach. The breach declares that the contract is discharged or released and in so doing the involved parties are released from obligations under the contract or forced to perform the obligations. (Fitzgerald and Olivo .pp 129. 2005) The remedies that are generally available in the event of a breach of a contract are damages, specific performance, injunctions, rescission, discharge, quantum meruit, and substantial performance. (Fitzgerald and Olivo .pp 131-145. 2005) The first contract was between Scott and Brown for get 50 bags of flour that were actually stolen by Brown,

The cost of racial profiling on our future Research Proposal

The cost of racial pen on our future - Research Proposal ExampleThe paper throws light on racial indite as what occurs when a member of law enforcement or society uses a persons ethnic or racial heritage as a means of deciding their guilt in regards to criminal activity. Profiling is used in other areas as well, for instance major corporations use profiling techniques to market products and more. Racial profiling reaches to all parts of our modern society. In addressing the problem it is meaning(a) to extrapolate what may be the root of that problem. History does a wonderful job of showing us what leads up to a problem and at times what encompasses this problem. Throughout history populace has enslaved those whom he conquered, this was accepted as normal when one tribe warred against another and lost. However, over time slavery became more of a patronage arrangement then a dispute resolution. In the United States and Great Britain slavery was accepted as a necessary factor in o perating profitable business ventures. Eventually Great Britain criminalize slavery however, until the Civil War the United States still had many slaves, both black and white. It was not until after(prenominal) the Civil War that the racial prejudices began to grow exponentially. Whereas before slaves (typically African Americans) were simply thought of as property, straightway these corresponding slaves were to be accepted as equals this led to segregation laws throughout the South. Various laws were passed on a federal level that utilized a crude method of racial profiling with regards to marijuana wont which at the time of the Harrison Act was thought of as a black mans drug and problem.... ous laws were passed on a federal level that utilized a crude method of racial profiling with regards to marijuana usage which at the time of the Harrison Act was thought of as a black mans drug and problem. (Brecher) Following the Civil War in 1882, there were the approaches to the infl ux of Chinese laborers and the continuous references to yellow skin, slanted eyes and use of opiates One approach in particular was the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, this act of congress barred additional immigration for a period of go years, this act was followed by another extension of ten years and eventually it was made permanent. (Chinese Exclusion Act) all over the years there have been other advances in the use of racism and cannonball along based discriminatory treatment. Specifically there were actions taken against Japanese American citizens during World War II, as well as additional actions taken recently regarding Arab Americans and now the appeal to Americanism and the use of prejudicial legislative attempts regarding Mexican Americans. disregardless of color of a persons skin they are all still humans, and as members of the same race we should be striving together to surpass ourselves and conquer disease and energy related problems. It is importan t to first understand that this is wrong, the use of a persons race against themselves is fundamentally wrong. Race period allowing the statistics driven data bases of the criminal justice system yet another point that can be used as a guide, is not by default a factor. In fact race is simply an aspect of the criminal and not a contributing factor as some who get on racial profiling would have you believe. In the current United States there has been much work make regarding the termination of the use of racial