Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome Aging and death are unavoidable in the human life cycle. The question of why people age and the processes essential to aging has been a topic of debate and studies since the nineteenth century. Since the 1990s, significant developments have been made in determining which physiological processes affect longevity. It has recently been agreed that aging is a result of macromolecular dent brought about by reactive oxygen species, which oxidize proteins and lipids. Particularly, reactive oxygen species also damages DNA, which results in chromosomal abnormalities and mutations (Hasty et al.). These changes result in the malfunction of cellular organelles, specifically mitochondria, leading to tissue and cell degeneration. Need essay sample on "Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed One rare congenital disease, progeria, has attracted much interest, mainly because of its similarity to an accelerated aging process. The term progeria (Greek word geras, meaning old age) narrowly pertains to the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), but it generally refers to any accelerated aging disease. HGPS is an exceptionally uncommon hereditary disease affecting the vasculature, musculoskeletal system, and skin. Progeria is marked by signs of accelerated premature aging. Students Usually Tell EssayLab support: I'm don't want to write my paper now. I don't have the time Professional writers recommend: Your Academic Success Is Our Goal Cheap Essays Within Hours Buy College Papers Online Cheap Essay Writing Service Cheap Essays Progeria was first identified in 1886 by Jonathan Hutchinson and in the following year by Hastings Gilford. HGPS has a prevalence of 1 in 8 million births; however, the true prevalence has been suggested to be about 1 in 4 million births since a considerable number of cases are usually undiagnosed or are likely to be misdiagnosed. Since 1886, there have been just over 100 reported cases of HGPS. At present, there are about 30 to 40 known incidence of HGPS worldwide. Significant morbidity and mortality in HGPS are a result of accelerated atherosclerosis of the coronary and carotid arteries, resulting in premature death during the first or second decade of life of the person with progeria. In fact, atherosclerosis of the cerebrovascular and coronary arteries accounts for the death of at least 90% of HGPS patients (Shah, Kaiser, & Hanfland). Cerebrovascular complications due to cerebrovascular infarction include seizures, subdural hematoma, and hemiplegia. On the other hand, cardiovascular complications include congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction. Calcification of the mitral and aortic valves, diffuse myocardial fibrosis, and interstitial fibrosis may also occur. Inanition, marasmus, and loss of mobility are other causes of morbidity and mortality. On the average, the life expectancy for an HGPS patient is 13 years, with an age ranging from 7 to 27 years (Shah, Kaiser, & Hanfland). In terms of race, HGPS has a predilection for White persons, representing 97% of reported patients. However, the explanation for this disparity in race is currently unknown. In addition, there are more male HGPS patients than females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5:1. In terms of age, clinical manifestations of progeria may not be noticeable at birth. Delayed recognition of the distinguishing facial features along with the musculoskeletal and cutaneous manifestations may not come about until age 6 to 12 months or older (Shah, Kaiser, & Hanfland). HGPS patients develop accelerated atherosclerosis of the coronary and cerebral arteries. However, in contrast with arteriosclerosis in the general population, the only lipid abnormality in HGPS is reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In addition, progeria patients also develop other medical signs of premature aging, such as alopecia, poor growth, arthritis, osteoporosis, skin atrophy, and loss of subcutaneous muscle and fat. It is interesting to note that HGPS patients do not acquire other disease processes related to aging, like senility, cataract development, or increased tumor formation. Here, progeria is considered as a segmental progeroid syndrome because it does not recapitulate every characteristic phenomenon of aging. Basically, HGPS is caused by mutations in LMNA, the gene encoding the A-type nuclear lamins (Eriksson et al.). More than 10 other diseases, which are collectively called laminopathies have been associated with missense mutations of LMNA (Jacob & Garg). While other LMNA mutations have been linked to progeria, the most often mutation is in the form of a nucleotide change that leads to the activation of a cryptic splice site contained by exon 11 and the consequent loss of 50 amino acids inside the carboxyl terminus of the encoded protein (Eriksson et al.). A study reports the findings that cells from progeria patients display prematurely a number of features similar with cells from aged donors (Scaffidi & Misteli): an upregulated DNA damage response, nuclear deformation, and relocalization of heterochromatin as visualized by staining for tri-methyl-K9 histone HP1 and H3. These findings were somewhat expected, since mutations in LMNA are frequently linked to nuclear alterations and deformation in large-scale heterochromatin organization. Moreover, it was found that hanging lamin function in Caenorhabditis elegans adults caused both nuclear structural abnormalities and early mortality. Lastly, an age-dependent reorganization of A-type lamins to the nuclear periphery from the nuclear interior was reported (Scaffidi & Misteli). Due to the lack of a specific laboratory test, the diagnosis of HGPS is largely based on the physical appearance of the progeria patient. Often, the diagnosis is made during the first or second year of the childs life when failure to gain weight and changes in skin become evident. HGPS is well-known for its progeroid symptoms and for the restrictions that it places on lifespan. However, since it also involves a number of symptoms absent in normal aging, HGPS is considered as a segmental progeria instead of a true disease of accelerated aging (Lewis). Symptoms involving the cartilage and bone systems include abnormal bone development and dysplasia; hypoclastic facial bones; stiff joints with contractures in the phlanges, long bones, thorax, and the skull; and thin cranial bones. Symptoms involving the cardiovascular system include atherosclerosis of the small and large arteries; severe depletion, attenuation, or change of shape in vascular smooth muscles; and myocardial fibrosis, calcification of the mitral valve leaflets and prominent veins often with easy bruising (Lewis). Symptoms involving the metabolic system include failure to thrive and progressive loss of subcutaneous fat and weight and height below the third percentile. As for the skin symptoms, HGPS patients have thickened, hyalinized skin taut in most places, but loose on fingers and toes; eccrine and sebaceous glands may be severely reduced in numbers; and scleroderma usually beginning on lower abdomen, proximal limbs and buttocks. The nails of the HGPS sufferers are usually thin, small and dystrophic, but may also be thick. Their hairs have a plucked bird appearance with scalp hair progressively diminishing to a few remaining blonde or white, fuzzy, fine, and brittle hairs. Their eye brows and lashes are often lost (Lewis). There is currently no effective therapy available for the treatment of HGPS. However, there are many ways to offset the diseases brought about by HGPS. Vigilant monitoring for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease is necessary. Physicians recommend the use of low-dose aspirin as prophylaxis against such disease. Also, occupational and physical therapy can help HGPS patients to sustain an active lifestyle and physical activities. Hydrotherapy may be effective in minimizing arthritis symptoms and in improving joint mobility. In vitro studies are looking for a possible role of farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) in progeria. Studies are exploring the role of FTIs in promoting the release of the mutant prelamin A from the nuclear membrane. It appears that FTIs allow it to be properly integrated into the nuclear lamina, hence correcting the functional and structural nuclear defects. Furthermore, initial in vitro investigations that use transfection of modified oligonucleotides targeting the cryptic splice site have yielded positive results. The elimination of the making of the mutant LMNA mRNA restores normal nuclear morphology, resulting in the normalization of gene expression and heterochromatin structure. Works Cited Eriksson, Maria, W. Ted Brown, Leslie B. Gordon, Michael W. Glynn, Joel Singer, Laura Scott, Michael R. Erdos, Christiane M. Robbins, Tracy Y. Moses, Peter Berglund, Amalia Dutra, Evgenia Pak, Sandra Durkin, Antonei B. Csoka, Michael Boehnke, Thomas W. Glover, Recurrent de novo point mutations in lamin A cause HutchinsonGilford progeria syndrome, Nature 423 (2003): 293298. Hasty, Paul, Judith Campisi, Jan Hoeijmakers, Harry van Steeg, Aging and genome maintenance: lessons from the mouse?, Science 299 (2003): 13551359. Jacob, Katherine A. Laminopathies: multisystem dystrophy syndromes, Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 87 (2006): 289302. Lewis, Marc, PRELP, collagen, and a theory of HutchinsonGilford progerianext term, Ageing Research Reviews 2.1 (2003): 95-105. Scaffidi, Paola Lamin A-dependent nuclear defects in human aging, Science 312 (2006): 10591063. Shah, Kara N., Hans-Wilhelm Kaiser, Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria. January 24, 2007. Retrieved November 21, 2007 from http://www.emedicine.com/derm/TOPIC731.HTM

Senioritis essays

Senioritis essays Every kindergarten student, after the first day jitters, cant wait to come back to school. Then the years drag on and we cant wait until summer vacation. High school rolls around the corner and we are excited to think about becoming seniors and what its like to be one. Well, when you become a senior the teachers say that you have something called senioritis. Ill have to tell you some of my experiences as a senior so far and what senioritis is to me. Now back when we were in junior high and we were the little kids there was one big difference that Ive already noticed, that is most of the upper classmen knew who we were and we knew who they were. That mostly had to do with having older siblings in the upper classes, but since they knew and liked us they didnt make fun of us too bad. Well, this year no one in the junior or senior classes knows who any of the little kids are. So, because of this we all say how small they are (even though a few of them are bigger than me) and how they have a locker and should learn how to use it. The little kids are so scared of us that they think if they look at us wrong were going to kill them or something, which none of us seniors have clued them in yet that they dont have to be scared of us. In ninth grade we all started to get sick of having to wait in the lunch line for the seniors to cut and let me tell you when the WHOLE senior class is in your lunch you get sick of it pretty quickly. Then you start to think, I cant wait until Im a senior and I can cut in front of all the underclassmen. This has been a tradition every year since Ive been here and Im so glad that weve been able to keep it going. It feels so good to finally get to do the cutting and have every one else wait for you! A big part of senioritis is that when you take classes in tenth and eleventh grade you plan ahead and take all the hard cla...

Building process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Building process - Essay Example Contaminants found in construction sites can either be common contaminants, which are found in every construction site or be on the site because they were previously used in the location. There are many different kinds of contaminants, including metals (such as lead), inorganic compounds (such as cyanide compounds), pesticide, oils and tars, other organic compounds (such as benzene or toluene), fibers, combustible substances, toxic or explosive gases and radioactive waste (Industry Standard Contaminated Construction Sites 2005). These contaminants can affect people's short term health as well as their long term one. The people who are liable to be hurt from them aren't only the workers staying on the site and working on it, but also other people living, working or even passing by! (Hazardous waste sites 2003). Exposure to contamination in soil, water or fumes in the air can "cause harm quickly (acute effects) or cause illness long after exposure (chronic effects)". The exposure may cause different health problems, for instance: headaches and nausea, breathing difficulties, skin rashes, liver or kidney problems and even some types of cancer in the long run. If it alone will not cause it, it will certainly be an important factor in the creation of the disease. In order to avoid this, one must be careful while in a possibly contaminated site refrain from exposure to the contamination, which can be caused by a number of reasons. It is important to evade direct contact of the contaminated materials with the skin and the eyes.

Doing Business in Europe, Asia and the Americas Research Paper

Doing Business in Europe, Asia and the Americas - Research Paper Example Typically, these consisted independent operations in the handle of an expatriate. In its proliferation, the facilitation of information flow prompted the creation of offshore headquarters which functioned isolate of the local core group (Barber, J. P. 2002, pp.1-5). However, these international structures had about one third of the offshore venture in the form of shared ownership (Casseres 2006, p. 4). What firms manifest these days is cognizant of the global outlook. Less differentiation is placed on the local operations vis-a-vis the international division. Strategic structures shift authority and responsibility to the central domain, without the former 'single line authority' in force, rather a multiple lines responsibility (Barber, J. P. 2002, pp.1-5). Sheer size is given importance in the new corporate international strategy (Egelhoff 1988, p. 1-14). These firms have similar and complimenting features, when combined can operate more competently. They are alike because each is an industry icon that spells out of a history of corporate prestige. In the same way these firms compliment, having pursued a different market position in product lines such as novelty brands Oreo cookies over dairy milk chocolate. Cadbury and Kraft supplement one another in geographical footprint, thus distribution lines are less redundant, if not broadened (Beaudin, 2010). In the context and analysis of industry, a pair of firms can operate more competently when combined. In fact, dissimilar capabilities are often synchronized in the manufacture of opposite goods (Casseres 2006, p. 8-12). Acquisitions improve efficiency by seizure of synergies between firms (Crosoni, Gomes, McGinn, & Noth 2004, p.481-512). When put together, Cadbury-Kraft becomes an industry powerhouse. Both sum up an unrivalled portfolio of tremendous potential (The Independent 2010, sc. 2-4). The long term forecast revenues are estimated at a strait annual 5% upward trend in revenues and company growth at 9-11%. On its own, Kraft revenues rises at about 4% with company growth of 7- 9%. A prolonged growth in revenues determines annual cost savings of $625 million (Value Expectations 2010, sc. 1-3). It is argued that such transformation creates larger economies of scale higher and larger geographical markets (Lambrecht 2000, p.1-4). The takeover is meant to reshape market competition, imposing influence on emerging markets. The industry for chocolate and sweets is quite gaping and loosely split between international conglomerates: Mars, Wrigley, Kraft, Hershey, Ferrero and Nestl (Beaudin 2010, sc. 1-4). By the acquisition of Cadbury, Kraft assumes to suppress rivalry by the bundle of capabilities (Casseres 2006, p. 8-12). In other words, the industry turns out to be less competitive and too concentrated (Crosoni, Gomes, McGinn, & Noth 2004, p.481-512). And why global shares are expected to rise by 5% points from the estimated 20% holding for both firms (Value Expectations 2010, sc. 1-3). Takeovers can reduce production costs at minimal or result in

Flappers and 1920s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Flappers and 1920s - Essay Example "Flapper culture set American society abuzz in the 1920s, jazz was becoming the musical craze of young people, hemlines were rising in girl's skirts in length, and in the backseats of automobiles. Modern society was emerging in the speech, fashions, and actions of young girls all over the country. The motion picture industry became an obsession for young men and women who dreamed of gracing the big screen and a luxurious life in Hollywood, or on Broadway." (Flapper Culture: Fashion and the Rise of Hollywood's Leading Lady) Therefore, it is important to realize that in 1920 flappers took the world of fashion by storm and the most important repercussions of the new culture was evident in the Hollywood film industry. Significantly, celebrity was becoming a buzzword during the period and women were discovering what life was 'really like'. In Hollywood fashion, Colleen Moore, the star of Hollywood's first big flapper hit movie Flaming Youth, became a high profile celebrity flapper and Mar y Pickford, Clara Bow, and the flapper queen, Louise Brooks followed Moore's footsteps. An explanation, an analysis, and an evaluation of Flappers in the 1920s help us realize how women fashion was influenced by Hollywood and how it relates to the present day. In an essential

In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay

In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay The hospitality industry is one of the main industries in this world and this is the relationship between guest and host. Hospitality also involves showing respect for their guest, treat them equal and providing what they need when they are in the hotel or requesting on a thing such as need a tourist to bring go around the town, need transportation and other. The hospitality industry basically provides lodging or accommodation to people who travel and needs shelter for the day. Today, the hospitality industry is providing more choices for its consumers all around the world from hotels, resorts, inns, hostels and many more. Hospitality industry is one of the industries that provide service so it is basically focused on customer satisfaction because customer who is the main major to pay us. In different kind of hotel will get a different type of service because it is depend on how the hotel functioning. If the hotel has a good experience to the customer this will affect customer loyalt y and customer will come again. In addition to that, it also will increase the successful of the company in hospitality industry. Other that this, hotel industry also will provide facility for customer. Most of the business customers are need a bed and food, this are enough for them but some of the customer are request for using our facility. We can introduce our facility to the customer or maybe we can discount for them to encourage them have a try. Therefore, hotel will have a good experience for the customer and also can gain more profit. 2.0 Answer Question 2 In hospitality industry, there have 5 type of service characteristic. There are intangible, perishable, inseparable, simultaneous and variable. Without this 5 type of service characteristic, hotel might not be able to function well. 2.1 Intangible service Intangible which means is cannot be seen or touched but we can feel it. Communication is the thing that we can feel. We can feel the employee either welcoming us or not by communicate with us. The communication between the employees and guest is important it is because the guest can feel the employees are helping by willing or just simply answer the question. Some of the employees are not using a friendly communication and communicate with us while we asking question or request a thing from them. Not only for customer but for employees also, we need to friendly to communication with them and can cooperate well to process the hotel. Other than communication, smile also is a thing that we can feel by giving of them. For example, like in a restaurant the politeness of an employees giving a smile to the guest is means welcoming and willing to serve them, by this way the guest can feel satisfied but this cant be see and touched. 2.1 Perishable service Perishable which means is wont be last longer and wont experience the same experience. In many things, we will have the first try and if the thing is not good we wont try anymore. Same as we in the hotel, if the hotels we stay are not satisfaction we just will try once and next time we will know which type hotel we should choose and will do a proper research about hotel that we stay to made sure it wont be same as last time. Other than this, if we late to check in and without paying deposit or have any inform to the hotel they have right to cancel reserved the room for guest and the guest need to re-book the room if the hotel have room still available. Moreover, for transportation they also will have the same experience. For bus or airplane, they wont wait for late passenger. If they are late they need to buy or book a ticket for next time and journey of them also will be delay. For next time, they will know be punctual and reach the bus stop or airport in time to avoid they missed a gain. 2.2 Inseparable service Inseparable which means service and customer and service provider cant be separated. Guest is the main major no matter in which area. It sure will have its own supplier to provide the thing. Supplier is important to hospitality because of they need a big amount of quantity of food and drink. They sure will have different type of supplier to supply the food and drink to make sure they have enough supply for guest because hotel is the places that always have many guest and employees walk in and out. Other than need to supply food for hotel, they also need other supplier to supply their basic needed such as toothpaste, shampoo and other. Furthermore, service provider is indispensable for service delivery as he must promptly generate and render the service to the requesting service consumer because customer pay and get a service from them. In addition, the service consumer is inseparable from service delivery because he is involved in it from requesting it up to consuming the rendered be nefits. 2.3 Simultaneous service Simultaneous which means service have to be delivered at the same time as the customer consumed. It is not goods which may be the manufactured, wholesaler, or kept to distributions. For example in a restaurant, the service provider which means the waiter or waitress are doing the service at the same time when the customer request (delivery) something or ordering food then the service provider delivered the service immediately at the same time. For instance, if the customer wants to bil, the service provider have to bring the bill for the customer. 2.4 Variable service Variable of service offered and can be in many forms during the interaction or the process. Services are highly variable, as they depend on the service provider, and where and when they are provided. Service marketers face a problem in standardizing their service, as it varies with experienced hand, customer, time and firm. Service buyers are aware of this variability. So, the service firms should make an effort to deliver high and consistent quality in their service. For example, if one day eating in a restaurant, the food and service was very good but the next day the services become bad. 3.0 Conclusion In conclusion, Those 5 characteristics cannot separate with guest and also supplier. Because they are the main major for us and they also needed the basic thing in daily life. Especially is intangible because it was included communication between employee and guest. Communication is important because in hospitality industry, we will always faced customer to talk and explain the thing that they asking. In addition to that, this also is the first impression to guest when guest entering hotel. Besides that, perishable service and simultaneity service in hospitality industry, if the lodging property we stay first time and the service is good but the next time the service has becomes bad which means the first experience we cannot experience again. Therefore, in hospitality industry the service has to be constant and maintain. Not only that, inseparable service and variability service in hospitality industry is that the services provided cannot be separated. Lastly, the variability service is to standardize and to constant the service that in a lodging property. Therefore, this five characteristic have to be concerned and followed in any service line industry especially hospitality industry. 1.0 Introduction Question 2 In hospitality industry, there are many types of lodging in this industry such as hotel, resorts, inn and others. Hotels are divided to two types one is leisure hotel and one is commercial. For resort and inn are mostly are by the seaside but resort have more facilities and amenities while inn dont have so much service. To manage this kind of lodging property is not an easy task as you may seem, it has a lot of hard work to be done and skills to be experience. An hotelier should have full of hotel operation skills so they are able to manage the hotel no matter small hotel or large hotel. The responsible of an hotelier, should be take over and manager the hotel well. Hotelier also should always prepare be settle the problem that emergency that happen inside the hotel and also have the knowledge to settle the problem even also is customer problem. Besides that, internal of an organization, hoteliers also have to be able to manage the internal problem such as the employees issues. If th e hotelier dont not able to handle well the issues between employees but also with the person in charge of the team there will be a lot of problem and they cannot to be co-operate well and the hotel also cannot be process well. Other than that, in a hotel should have a system so that hotelier can do their job more easily such as planning the work. They can know each department how they processing their job and wont have argument when have problem happened. 2.0 Answer Question 2 To be prepared be an hotelier, there have many thing hotelier need to know and handle. Such as the hotel will need how many employees to work, how the hotel system going on, is the hotel gain profit and so on. Other than this, in hospitality service employees is important for the hotel because without them hotel might cannot run smoothly. Therefore, an hotelier should have some skills to handle the problem that relation with hotel such as patience, management experience, responsibility, communication skills and knowledge of other than hotel management. Below have the explanation of the skills that I have mentioned. 2.1 Patience As an hotelier, patience is very important. It is because as an hotelier will faced a lot of different type of guest. Some of the guest will keep asking many questions about the hotel and they must answer the question. Every day have different guest asking the questions about the hotel but is the same people to answer the guest. After day by day, some of them might feel impatience and boring to answer the question. Other than this, some of the guest will make a complaint about the room, not satisfied with the service, and other as an hotelier they need to have a lot of patience explain with their guest to let them feel satisfied especially the VIP of the hotel. Sometime, they also need patience to introduce and explain the food and facility that hotel have been provided. Patience is important because it will let guest feel welcome and friendly. In addition to that, when have some difficult issues happened the hotelier must have patience to overcome the issues because solving a proble m or issues have to take some time overcome the issues. 2.2 Management Experience In hospitality, management experience is important. It is because in every department there will have different way to process their job and doing their job. Other than this, they also need to follow the step and rules to do it. Every hotel will have different management to run the process of the hotel smoothly. To make sure the internal management runs smoothly the hotelier should have a system to follow. Furthermore, these kinds of experience gain from bottom of the department to top of the department. So that, the hotelier has to walk every step to have the experience run the hotel. It is because every department has different system and hotelier must clearly know how the departments run and wont be confused with their job. Other than that, if the hotelier has this kind of experience they can no need waste time on training and they also can save up the time to learn more new thing. Moreover, if the hotel has any emergency problem happened, an hotelier can handle the situation well because they handle the problem before on the previous time. Hotelier has experience they can manage their staff well and wouldnt boycott by other employees so that they can be cooperating well to operate the hotel run smoothly. 2.3 Responsibility Other than the two skills, responsibility also is an important thing in hospitality industry. It is because in the service line, the main major is our guest and is the one who paying us to get a satisfied service. If the hotelier doesnt responsible on what their in charge it may causes many complaints from guest and also can causes low profit. Because of the hotelier irresponsible, they may ignore the complaint from guest and wont take action to those employees who are irresponsible to the guest. Besides that, when hotel hiring an employees to work the first thing they will curious about responsible of the people. In addition, in the hotel there have many departments. In every department, there have different position, responsibility and duties. Every hotelier should clearly know what the responsibility of their duties because they able to cope with others employees. Furthermore, besides giving a responsibility in internal management, hotel surrounding also have to be care and respon sible such as the workplace and the guest place. Inside the hotel, not only have adult walking around but also have eldest people and children. We must be responsible on their safety because they are in our hotel area compound. 2.4 Knowledgeable Without knowledgeable there will be a difficult task to the hotelier. It is because of many things the hoteliers are not understood and they cannot answer and overcome the problem well of the customer but also the problem of the hotel. Knowledge is one of the important skills that you have learn, gain and experience in every perceptions such as while you studying, working in an organizations, or working in a service line industry like hotel. Knowledge allows us to be better, and to be more understanding on a general thing. Keep open mind and accept what people say to you, then you will realize the answer that you have never realize before and also will know where the problem is. To be an hotelier, knowledge is what should not left because, working in a hotel line every perceptions are gain from experience which means the daily work you doing in the hotel such as serving customer there would be a knowledge that how to serve the customer right or some tourist will also get some informa tion about the place you work or what is the special food in the town. The more knowledge we have the more advance we can become. In the past, a lot of people say that education is the most important thing in life because when you have graduate you may get a better job but nowadays the reality needs is knowledge to discover new things or have know about some general thing but not only the subject you study. 2.5 Communication skills In hospitality industry, communication skills are the most important. It is because hotelier needs to communicate with guest. All of the guest in the hotel sure will communicate with hotelier because they need get an assist from them. No matter how high level you study, have a good communication skills it will help you explore clearly the answer that you means to the listener. As an hotelier, they need to communicate with other employees and have a good communication skill employees can more easily to understand and wont mix up the meaning. Other than this, have a good communication skills will made sure us have a good relationship with other employees and also guest. In addition to that, hotelier will win more cooperation with other employees and also will increase successful in the hospitality industry. If they are not understood the message that the hotelier pass to they might mistaken and misunderstanding and will do wrong thing in the processing. This may causes them cannot have teamwork to work together because of argument of the problem. Have a good communication they will have good self-esteem. It is because of the hotelier are always confident on what they say and what they say is always the thing that needed by the people. Furthermore, as an hotelier they also need to promote the package, facility and other to the guest for gain profit. Hotelier will use the good communication skills to attract the guest to have a try in the hotel. If the hotelier keep promote the thing to them, guest will have a good impression with the thing that the hotelier has promoted and maybe the guest will have a try. Other than that, guest also can clearly know what the service the hotel has provided. Hotelier has good communication skills they can have a peaceful environment working places. 3.0 Conclusion In conclusion, to be an hotelier they should always well prepared. They should have patience, management experience, responsibility, knowledge of hotel management and communication skills. Other than this, they need to well prepare themselves and patience to overcome the customer problem and internal management issues. Hotelier should use themselves management experience or other employees opinion to process the hotel well. In addition, hotelier also should be responsible on their guest safety because they are inside the area of the hotel. Knowledge is one of the important things to gain and learn when they first work in hotel. Knowledge is what allows hotelier to advance themselves and to operate in a hotel. The communication skill is useful for hotelier. It is because they can use the skills to handle the internal issues well and have a peaceful environment.

Health and social care practice Essay

1.1 Outcome based care is about putting the customer at the center of the care service and not prescribing a one size fits all policy. Care should always be bespoke to the customer taking into account their needs and choices. Care should allow the customer to live a fulfilled life, help them identify and achieve the things they would like to do. Outcome based care requires careful planning with full involvement from the customer their relatives should they wish and other health care professionals if required. Teamwork and communication is essential to ensure continuous quality improvement, and process and outcome measurement. There are key benefits of outcome based care 1.2 there are positives and negatives to outcomes based practice. The positives could be that failing or poor areas of practice will be targeted on and outcomes will be measured and new improved ways implemented. For people using a service this would be beneficial to them as they will be provided with a holistic service, support and care. So this can be demonstrated that any individual using as service is being supported in all areas rather than only in certain areas. Negatives may be that there is too much focus on outcomes, goals and results which potentially could mean that the wishes and opinions of people using the service may not be taken into account as the focus may be on outcomes rather than the person. Making a system less person centred and more business focussed. 1.3 There’s a lot of legislation that refers to outcome based practice which have led to changes in health and social care. The Health and Social Care Act, Regulation of services by CQC, (also the new regulations in April 2015 Fundamental Standards. The Green Paper 2009 and the White Paper 2010 re a national assessment of health and social care incorporating joined up working with all professionals and information, advice being more readily  available which would illustrate what the outcomes were from an assessment, and what the advice was to ensure that the outcomes could be achieved and also what the plans were for the future. The Equality Act 2010 re making it illegal for anyone to discriminate which makes it easier for everyone to gain employment and access services. 1.4 Positive changes in individuals lives can come from proper assessments that highlight care needs and then services can be put in place so the individual can live a comfortable life a lot longer in their own home or they can be put in touch with outside services in the community that they can call upon for support to live an independent life such as day services or charity based service to assist with things like shopping etc the salvation army the red cross or age concern and they may also use the respite service in the future giving them a break or their carers a break. Outcome 2. Be able to lead practice that promotes social, emotional, cultural, spiritual and intellectual well-being. 2.1 Abraham Maslow (Maslow’s Hierarchy) maintained that basic physical needs are fundamental as without food, water, warmth, shelter and clothing people would not survive so before anything else in life people need these things to continue in life then achieve the other things as in safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. 2.2 When booking in the staff go through a check list and a Person centred plans are filled in on individuals so that all aspects of their needs are looked at and all the individual’s well-being is viewed from Physiological needs their diet requirements and preference heating control in rooms for suitable warmth situ of bed and bedding to aid restful sleep as much as possible, the security of the individual do they need pressure mat to reduce risk of falls are they likely to wonder or leave building and be at risk ,the social aspect communal areas where they can mix with others any activities taking place to stimulate them mentally and physically give them the sense of being part of a group belonging, to make the individual feel they are still useful and give them some self-esteem, worth and boost their  ego. 2.3 The person centred plans that are completed on each individual look at all aspects of care needs and try to use following. Support self-care promote independence encourage risk taking where assessment has been made clearly promote choice, dignity and respect recognise and promote individual cultural preferences promote equality and human rights. Policies reflect these things, staff are actively encouraged to promote self-care. Our safeguarding policies promote the 6 principles of safeguarding – empowerment, protection-prevention-proportionate response – partnership and accountability. Outcomes 3 Be able to lead practice that promotes individuals health. 3.1 On admission care staff fill in an admission check list and diet requirements asked and then a person centred plan filled in and this is covering diet, personal care needs, religious beliefs, past medical history, toileting needs and interests and hobbies making sure that all aspects of well-being are covered and health and healthy choices, staff also monitor and review a person’s needs as they deal with them on a one-to-one basis. 3.2 obtain information relevant to health and wellbeing in an assessment, using a questionnaire; physical measurements e.g. height, weight, consulting with people close to the individual family, carers other health professional. 3.3 contact doctor’s surgery, district nurses, dietitians and family or carer if any health concerns. 3.4 nutrition, first aid and safe guarding training is given to staff including domestics then they can be aware of the signs if an individual appears to be failing or a change in their wellbeing. Outcome 4. Be able to lead inclusive provisions that give individuals choice and control over the outcomes they want to achieve. 4.1 Take time to understand and know the person, their previous lives and past achievements, and support people to develop ‘life story books’ Treat people as equals, ensuring they remain in control of what happens to them. Empower people by making sure they have access to jargon-free information about services when they want or need it. Ensure that people are fully involved in any decision that affects their care, including personal decisions (such as what to eat, what to wear and what time to go to bed), and wider decisions about the service or establishment (such as menu planning or recruiting new staff). Don’t assume that people are not able to make decisions. Value the time spent supporting people with decision-making as much as the time spent doing other tasks. Provide opportunities for people to participate as fully as they can at all levels of the service, including the day-to-day running of the service. Ensure that staff have the necessary skills to include people with cognitive or communication difficulties in decision-making. For example, ‘full documentation of a person’s previous history, preferences and habits’ can be used by staff to support ‘choices consistent with the person’s character’. (Randers and Mattiasson, 2004).Identify areas where people’s independence is being undermined in the service and look for ways to redress the balance. Work to develop local advocacy services and raise awareness of them. Support people who wish to use direct payments or personal budgets. Encourage and support people to participate in the wider community. Involve people who use services in staff tra ining. 4.2 To make sure that the individuals have a healthy diet option and that there they are warm comfortable and there are as much social interaction and stimulation as the individual wants. 4.3 daily reports are written on service users and questionnaires are completed throughout their stay also a review is carried out on the person centered plans. 4.4 All staff have mandatory training which is monitored and reviewed to makes sure the appropriate training is given to all staff.4.5 There is already systems and processes in place on the person centered plans and this would not be in my job description to implement them. Outcomes 5 Be able to manage effective working partnerships with carers, families and significant others to achieve positive outcomes 5.1 If we work with careers and family members we can make sure that the individual has an as normal as possible support plan as at home with the added extra of company 24/7 and different activities and a varied diet. 5.2 On admission process the care staff who books in the individual completes most of the person centred plan and the write in the individuals personal file and verbally hand over to the next shift. 5.3 Management needs to always remain calm when dealing with conflict and dilemmas, plus never get personally involved. Mediating conflict and dilemmas is one of the starting points for management to help solve issues. There are times where caring can have a negative impact on the carers health and wellbeing, due to the anxiety and depression of the duties itself, that can cause carers to become tense and anxious, therefore causing issues with other workers. It is important to acknowledge and respond to the different circumstances and get the carer to address the issue and may even require extra time off to relax and become self-contained again. Also recognise the diversity of care relationships, with different cultures and other barriers that may add to different situations. As for addressing conflicts and dilemmas that arise between individuals, staff, families and significant others, it is important that one is understanding and sympathetic to the different situations and understand the history of the relationship and changes in the relationship due to the care role, including cultural considerations and the role of family member in decision making. It is important to help to negotiate outcomes to meet the needs of both parties Address all the important positive questions to help everyone understand the  outcomes, such as ‘describe your family routine’, ‘how do you manage looking after the recipient/’, ‘what do you find most difficult or tiring? Or are you sleep OK?’ Creating understanding and acknowledging ones needs and depravations over the need of the recipient can help solve issues. 5.4 The emphasis is upon empowerment, person centred planning, public protection and a well-trained and regulated workforce to deliver quality services. There are trends in legislation, policy and guidelines all reflect the same aim. To name a few, CODE OF PRACTICE, HUMAN RIGHTS ACT, DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION ACT 1995, DATA PROTECTION ACT, CARE STANDARDS ACT 2000, MENTAL HEALTH ACT, Covering; †¢ The need to achieve positive outcomes for people †¢ the need to safeguard and protect people for all forms of danger, harm and abuse †¢ employment practices for the provision and service †¢ data protection, recording and reporting †¢ making and dealing with comments and complaints to improve services †¢ Whistle blowing †¢ Health and Safety †¢ Equality and Diversity 5.5 The main piece of legislation is the Data Protection Act 1998. This covers the medical, social, credit information and the local authority. There are eight principles. The data must be: -fairly and lawfully processed -processed for intended purposes -adequate, relevant and not excessive -accurate -not kept for longer than necessary -processed in accordance with the data subject rights -kept secure -not transferred to countries without adequate protection.

Grade Thinking

Thinking as a Hobby In â€Å"Thinking as a Hobby†, William believes that most people are grade three thinkers. Grade three thinkers tend to feel, and not to think. Golding gives an example of his teacher Mr. Houghton, who would always talk about â€Å"good life, sexless, and free of duty†, while â€Å"his neck would turn of itself† if a girl passed by the window (164). I think he is right; most people will speak or do without speaking.For example, William says in his essay, â€Å"A crowd of grade-three thinkers, all shouting the same thing, all warming their hands at the fire of their own prejudices, will not thank you for pointing out the contradictions in their beliefs† (165). I have known of people speaking their minds, and not caring if it hurts the other person. To be a grade-three thinker is to live the unexpected life. One particular individual that he describes in this passage is a school teacher by the name of Miss Parson. He feels that Miss Parso n pretended to care, and to be concerned for her class.Actually, the only concern she had was finding her a husband. To me, grade three thinkers are considered immature and selfish. When you try to reason with them, they either respond one of two ways, they get mad and turn it into a shouting match or they get defensive. I thought William did a good job on describing grade three thinkers, because it describes most people. People only care about themselves, and not how it may affect others. Also, grade three thinkers, often think everything is true and will fight with anyone if they try to prove them wrong. Overall, William Golding did an excellent job on grade three thinking.

Nelson Mandelas Struggle for essays

Nelson Mandelas Struggle for essays Nelson Mandelas Struggle for Peace and Equality for All Races I have cherished the ideal of a free society in which all persons live together in harmony and equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for...but if need be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela spoke these famous words and is known for transforming a model of racial division and oppression into an open democracy. Mandela is one the admired national figures of our age. Nelson says, I am not a messiah, but an ordinary man who had become a leader because of extraordinary circumstances. From Nelsons childhood, as a member of the royal house, being stripped from his indignity in prison, to becoming president of South Africa, his life is an epic of struggle, setback, renewed hope and ultimate triumph. Let us begin this journey of a true leader of peace. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in Mvezo, which was the capital of Transkei. Mvezo was a tiny village removed from the world and the western civilization influences. Nelson was from a Thembu Royal house and his birth name, Rolihlahla, was given by his father, which means troublemaker. His English name, Nelson, was given to him by his teacher on the first day of school. Nelsons childhood was peaceful and he spent his time in the field herding cattle, plowing, and tending sheep. Transkei is eight hundred miles east of Cape Town, five hundred fifty miles south of Johannesburg, and lies between the Kei River and the Natal border, between the rugged Drakensberg Mountains to the north and the blue waters, of the Indian Ocean to the east. This land was fertile with hills, valleys and flowing streams. The Thembu people population was 3 Â ½ million and a minority of whites. Nelsons father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa, was a chief of Mvezo by the King of Thembu tribe. Due to some m isfortunes with ...

Example of Technology Scholarship Application Essay

Example of Technology Scholarship Application Essay Free Online Research Papers Example of Technology Scholarship Application Essay Today, the design of robotic functionality is heavily relied on human instructions. I am interested in building a more flexible robotics, which is able to adapt to various circumstances and to complete a task with AI. Applications as such will be like the Phoenix project in Mars exploration, collecting important data by putting a cost-effective lander onto the icy ground of the far northern Martian plains. This is my line of interest and my dream. I am happy to be in the Computer Science Engineering Department, which provides the required courses that I need on operation system, digital system, artificial intelligence, and software engineering to complete my quest. I am also very happy that I can apply for scholarships and become one of candidate awardees. Being awarded is a great encouragement to me. It reminds me that I am not along. There are lots of people want me to be succeed and want to help me accomplish my dream and my goal. It also reminds me I should keep my spirit and keep up my good work. In addition, it is a great honor to get awards. It shows me how much effort I have put on my study and how my much more effort I need to put on study. These profits can help me study enthusiastically and become a better student. Being a CSE student is also a great challenge. It is especially challenging for a first generation student. I have to face lots of difficulty. One is finance hardship. To get over it, I have to take on a part time job in a nursing home as a helper. On one hand, I gain lots of working experience. On the other hand, studying full time and working part time is sometimes some grueling experience. Getting scholarships will be a way to help me out. I can reduce the time that I work and become more focus on my study. Research Papers on Example of Technology Scholarship Application EssayOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfStandardized TestingThe Project Managment Office SystemRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePETSTEL analysis of IndiaGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

US - EU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

US - EU - Essay Example Educational institutions--explicitly including universities--are not philanthropic islands of abstract debate. This maxim of the German President is borne out by this colloquium, for this is not merely an 'abstract debate'. And there can be no talk of an 'island', either, for this is a cross-border, joint meeting of SUERF and the CFS. Incidentally, the motive is the exchange of knowledge with the financial community including central banks, thus avoiding all suspicion of insular ivory-tower erudition. There can be no doubt that the financial community will likewise benefit from an exchange of knowledge.1 After all, the euro was and is an intellectual challenge for all those concerned with it. An interesting exchange of views is therefore to be expected, and a debate based on two fundamental perceptions may be fruitful:1) A consistent monetary policy, committed primarily to the target of stability, is the best contribution a central bank--no matter whether the Bundesbank or the Europe an Central Bank (ECB)--can make to the viability of the financial markets. Without stable money, the financial markets cannot function properly.2) Conversely, it must also be said that monetary policy needs an efficient, highly competitive and stable financial system. In the first place, a financial sector that is susceptible to disruption poses risks to the entire monetary system, and thus also to the safety of the currency. Second, in a stable environment, monetary policy impinges on economic activity more smoothly. That was and is true of the Bundesbank's monetary policy.2 It is bound to apply to the European System of Central Banks' (ESCB's) monetary policy as well. Clarity now obtains in some matters of significance to financial market players concerning the euro. The future framework for economic policy action is now emerging ever more clearly. Since its constitutive meeting in June 1998, the ECB Governing Council has taken a multitude of important decisions. There is broad clarity today about the arsenal of instruments with which the ESCB will operate. The primary buttress of refinancing will be repo transactions, which have been so successful at the national level. The interest rate for this main source of finance will lie within the corridor whose ceiling and floor are marked out by the interest rates for the marginal lending and deposit facilities. These principal elements of the range of instruments have been designed with the intention of the money market developing as steadily as possible, so that recourse to fine-tuning instruments can be relatively rare. The same purpose is served by minimum reserves, which are often criticized in banking circles. At a rate of 2 per cent, the cost burden is kept within very narrow bounds, especially considering that, owing to the envisaged payment of interest on minimum reserves, the banks' working balances, which will have to be held anyway, will yield interest. In the envisaged form (a reserve to be maintained as a monthly average) they will act as a buffer in the money market. They can therefore largely cushion unforeseen fluctuations in the demand for liquid funds without any major central bank intervention. A very important step on the way to a single monetary policy is the agreement on the main elements of the monetary policy strategy that was reached in the ECB Governing Council on 13 October 1998. These elements contain the quantitative definition of price stability as the primary objective of the single monetary policy: 'Price stability shall be defined as a year-on-year increase in the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices for the euro area of below 2%.' By this decision, the ECB Governing Council is following up to a large degree the Bundesbank's successful strategy, while at the same time taking due account of the specific conditions

Womens Inclusion in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Womens Inclusion in Education - Essay Example In many countries, cost of education has been rapidly growing and this substantial and constant rise has discouraged many families to provide quality education to their all children. Consequently, this has led to believe that education can only be given to male children rather than to female children. Additionally, in some countries, religious beliefs also discourage the followers to provide education to their girls. For example, in the religion of Islam, some scholars believe that girls should not be allowed to receive an education. And in order to support their perspective, they contend that allowing girls for receiving education would provide them an opportunity to freely interact with boys which become a major cause of social evil in their society. However, this type of belief has made this world more insecure and unsafe as well. For example, because of this backward thinking and perspective, the world is facing the menace of terrorism and extremism; and the events of 9/11 are th e result of one of such insane manifestations. As a result, it can be extracted that because of this thinking, many innocent people lost their lives in that attack. At the same time, the followers of that thinking are still causing harm to humans and humanity as terror attacks are still taking place in a number of other countries as well. In order to avoid this cost, which is being paid by the whole humanity, it has become highly necessary and unavoidable to work against this belief and promote and encourage woman education.