S - Glossary of the First World War

SAA: Small Arms Ammunition. Sablatnig SF-Types: Series of German reconnaissance floatplanes.Sac à ¡ terre : Sandbag.St. Étienne Gun: French machine gun used when production of the standard Hotchkiss gun couldn’t meet demand. Originally used a thirty round magazine; withdrawn in 1916.Salient: Any ‘bulge’ or projection out from a battle line.Sallies / Salvoes: Salvation Army Officers; ran relief operations behind the lines.Salmson 2: French armed reconnaissance biplane used in 1918.SAML: Italian reconnaissance biplane.S ammunition: Spitz-Munition, the normal German bullet.Sammy: French slang for Americans.Sandbag: Bags filled with earth or sand and used in the construction of defences.San fairy ann: British expression of fatalism.Sangar: Wall to defend against small arms fire.Sap / Sapping: In trench warfare, the practice of digging small ‘sap’ trenches at roughly ninety degrees out from existing lines and then digging a new trench line at the front of the saps. A slow, but r elatively safe, way of moving forward.Sapper: Royal Engineer.br/>Sarg: Slang for the Hansa-Brandenburg D1 airplane.Sausage: Captive barrage balloons.Sausage Hill: ‘To go to Sausage Hill’ was to be captured by Germans.SB: Stretcher Bearer.Scharnhorst: Class of German armoured cruiser.‘Schlanke Emma’: Skinny Emma, a 305mm howitzer built by Austria-Hungary and famously (and very effectively) used by Germany in 1914.Schusta: Schutzstaffeln (below).Schutzstaffeln: German unit protecting reconnaissance aircraft.Schà ¼tzen: German Rifle Corps.Schà ¼tzengrabenvernichtungaautomobil: Tank.Schà ¼tte-Lanz: A type of German airship.Schwarze Marie: German slang for a heavy naval gun.Schwarzlose: The standard machine gun of the Austro-Hungarian army; fired 8mm bullets.Scran: 1. Food, 2. Rubbish.SD: Sanità ¤ts-Departement, Medical Department of the German War Ministry.SE-5: British fighter biplane used after 1917.Sea Scouts: British observation airships.Seaplane Carrie rs: Ships which carried seaplanes; these could sometimes take off from the deck of the carrier, but couldn’t land; instead they used floats to land in the sea and where winched back on.br/>Selective Service Act: Law requiring all US males between 21-30, later 18-45, to register for possible conscription.Sepoy: Indian private of infantry.Shashqa: Cossack Sabre.Shell dressing: A dressing larger than the field dressing.Shell Shock: Psychological damage/trauma caused by exposure to warfare.Shinel: Russian Greatcoat.Short 184: British floatplane torpedo bomber.Short 320: British floatplane torpedo bomber.Short 827: British reconnaissance floatplane.Shrapnel: Officially balls carried by certain artillery shells to cause maximum damage to infantry, but often used to describe all shards/damage causing pieces from artillery shells.SIA: Società ¡ Italiana Aviazione, Italian manufacturer of aircraft.SIA-9B: Italian reconnaissance biplane of 1918.Siemens-Schuckert D-I: German fighter pl ane, a copy of the Nieuport 17.Siemens-Schuckert D-IV: German fighter plane of 1918.Siemens-Schuckert R-Type: Large German bombing plane.Sigarneo: Okay.Signalese: The phonetic alphabet.Sikorski IM: Russia heavy bomber.br/>Silent Percy: Slang for a gun firing at such range it couldn’t be heard.Silent Susan: High velocity shells.Silladar: System where Indian cavalryman owned their own horse.Sister Susie: Women doing army work.SIW: Self Inflicted Wound.Skilly: Very watery stew.Skite: ANZAC slang for a boaster.Slack / Spoil: Debris caused by an explosion.SM: Company Sergeant Major.Smasher: Felt slouch hat.SmK: German armour piercing ammo.SMLE: Short Magazine Lee-Enfield.Snob: A soldier who repaired boots.Soldier’s Friend: Type of boot polish.Sopwoth Baby: British floatplane.Sopwith Camel: British fighter biplane used from July 1917 to the war’s end.Sopwith 5F-1 Dolphin: British fighter/ground attack biplane.Sopwith ‘Pup’ / Scout: Officially called the S opwith Scout or Type 9901, the Pup was a single seat fighter.Sopwith TF-2 Salamander: British ground attack biplane.Sopwith Schneider: British floatplane.Sopwith 7F-1 Snipe: British fighter biplane.Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutter: British fighter biplane used by many of the Allies.br/>Sopwith Tabloid: British scout and light bombing plane.Sopwith Triplane: British fighter plane with three wings.SOS: 1. The firing of colour coded rocket from the front line to call down supporting fire. 2. Service of Supply.Sotnia: Russian cavalry squad.Sotnik: Cossack lieutenant.Souvenir: To steal.South Carolina: American class of battleships.Sowar: Indian cavalry soldier.SP: Section de parc, French mechanical transport.SPAD: French manufacturer of aircraft originally called Socià ©tà © Provisoire des Aà «roplanes Deperdussin, but replaced in 1914 by Socià ©tà © pour l’Aviation et ses Dà ©rivà ©s.Spad A-2: French armed reconnaissance biplane, used mainly on the Eastern front.Spad S-VII: French f ighter biplane.Spad S-XIII: French fighter biplane used by most allies after summer 1917.Spad S-XVII: French fighter released in 1918.‘Spandau’ Gun: Allied name for the German 7.92mm Maschinengewehr, derived from a confusion of official names (the Allies thought the gun was called a Spandau, not produced by them).br/>‘Spider’s Web’: A system of floatplane patrols targeting submarines in the North Sea after May 1917.Splash: Either bullet fragments which pass through a tanks observation slits or splinters of metal knocked off the outside of a tank by bullet impacts.Springfield: Standard rifle of the US army.Spud: 1. Potatoes 2. Anyone called Murphy 3. Iron devices attached to tank tracks to improve grip. Squaddy: Soldier. SR: Scottish Rifles, the Cameronians. SRD: ‘Service Rum, Dilute’, label on rum jars. SS: Section sanitaire, French field ambulance. Stabsoffizier: German field officer. Stand down: The end of a stand-to (see below). Standschà ¼tzen: The reserve mountain troops of Tirolea. Stand To: Manning trenches to repel at attack, always done at least as dawn and dusk. Starshina: Lieutenant-Colonel of the Cossacks. Starski unteroffizier: Russian sergeant. Stavka: The central command of the Russian army. Stellenbosch: Being relieved of command and sent home. Stick-bomb: Hand grenade with a handle. Stinker: Winter goatskin jerkin. Stinks: Soldiers handling gas. Stomag: Stabsoffizier der Maschinengewehre, German staff officer of machine gun units. Stosstruppen: Storm troops. Stoverm: Stabsoffizier der Vermessungswesens, German staff officer of surveying. Strafe: 1. A bombardment/clump of fire. 2. To be told off. Straight: Truth. Stranbaus Horn: Gas alarm. Stunt: 1. An attack. 2. Something clever. Sturmpanzerkraftwagen: Tank. Sturmtruppen: Storm troops. Subedar: Indian lieutenant of infantry. Submarine: British nickname for the bloater fish. Suicide club: A bombing party. SVA: Savoia-Verduzio-Ansaldo, Italian manufacturer of aircraft. Swaddy: Private soldier. Swagger-stick: Cane carried by off duty soldiers. Systà ¨me D: French slang for confusion. : French slang for confusion.

History of Mayan Culture - 1499 Words

History of Mayan Culture The mysterious culture of ancient Maya once covered a vast geographic area in Central and South America. Their civilization extended to parts of what are now Mexico, Honduras, and El Salvador, and most of Guatemala and Belize. The Mayans first settled in 1500BC. The Mayans environment consisted of tropical rainforests, which was also one of their main sources of resources, they turned the jungles into great cities. The rainforest would provide them with food, clothing, weapons, tools, and many more useful items. It rained almost everyday, but the temperature was not cold at least in the daytime. The environment played a major role in what the Mayans culture became, they needed rain and heat to survive both the†¦show more content†¦Each large city had one supreme chief who ruled for life, upon his death a son or brother took over. In some cases wife took over. If no family successor was available a new ruler was selected from the upper class. Crime was also an issue for the Mayans. Criminals were punished in different ways according to what they had done. A thief would become the servant of his victim. Murderers were put to death, sometimes as part of ritual sacrifices. For minor crimes, hair was c ut as a sign of disrespect. There were also class separations like the ruling class and the common people. Warriors were a separate class themselves too. In battle the Mayans fought with wooden clubs, flint knives, spears, and slingshots. Weapons and tools were made from bone, parts of animals, soil, stone, metal/copper, and wood. RELIGION The Mayans were very religious people; their religion regulated almost everything in their life. Priests were the most important people in the tribes. The Mayans believed their gods had destroyed and recreated their earth several times that is why they always tried to please their gods with sacrifices. Each God represented something for them. Their Supreme Being and creator of the universe was called â€Å" Hunan Ku â€Å". The next important gods were the sun and moon gods. â€Å" Kinich Ahau â€Å" was the sun god. TheyShow MoreRelatedThe History of Zero: Indian and Mayan Cultures726 Words   |  3 PagesZero is usually recognized today as being originated in two geographically separated cultures: the Maya and Indian. If zero was a place-holder symbol, then such a zero was present in the Babylonian positional number system before the first recorded occurrence of the Indian zero. If zero was represented by an empty space within a well-defined positional number system, such a z ero was present in Chinese mathematics a few centuries before the beginning of the Common Era. The absence of a symbol forRead MoreThe Survival Of The Yucatec Maya Culture1490 Words   |  6 Pagesclash of cultures and civilizations, sparking a myriad of intellectuals spanning the humanities to attempt to discern the most salient characteristics and processes that define the period. Historians Inga Clendinnen and George Lovell, both focus on the effect the landing of the conquistadors had on the indigenous Mayans, with their respective focuses standing in diametric opposition to one another. In â€Å"The Survival of the Yucatec Maya Culture,† Clendinnen stresses the importance of how Mayan traditionRead MoreThe Inspirations from the Mayan Ballgame1515 Words   |  7 Pagespeople of these civilizations, we have come to know of their rich culture and traditions. One group that we know a great deal of, the Classic Maya, exhibited a culture that was not only sophisticated and ahead of its time, but also one of great art and rituals. 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At the very core of this mystery of the Mayan collapse was the question of how could such a strong, stable civilization that had flourished for approximately twenty-seven hundred years disappear without a clearRead MoreHistory, Family Structure, And Culture Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Mayans were introduced. We have learned so much about their culture and history thanks to years of research and the help of archaeologists excavating several Mayan ruins in Belize. Although the number of Mayans still alive today has greatly reduced they still had a major impact to our culture as shown through the many challenges they had to overcome and the discoveries that they made. Some of the topics that will be addressed will be geography, history, family structure, and cultur e. The MayansRead MoreYuri Knorozov : A Difficult Student1250 Words   |  5 Pageshelped turn Yuri’s attention from Egyptian Hieroglyphics to Mayan Script. In 1947, Yuri began to become increasingly interested with Mayan Script as his professor encouraged him to write his dissertation on â€Å"The De Landa Alphabet†, a theoretical paper written by a Spaniard. The sole purpose of this paper was to introduce the concept that Mayan Script may have come directly from the Spanish alphabet. Although Yuri did not believe that Mayan Script came from the Spanish alphabet, it was at this momentRead MoreHow Bloodletting And Human Sacrifice1235 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant in the life of the Mayans. The bloodletting allows the ruler the ability to communicate with the Gods and their ancestors. While the human sacrifice is connected to the continuation of the cosmos and the resurrection of the agricultural seasons. A summary and a discussion of the book Popol Vuh is presented, on the topic of reassurance theme of human sacrifice is addressed in this paper. The examination of how bloodletting and human sacrifice is crucial to the Mayan culture, and how these ritualsRead MoreThe Languages and Cuisine of Mexico Essays863 Words   |  4 Pagesworld there is no single official national language of Mexico. The colonizers of Mexico forced the Spanish language on the natives, but in the 1990s the government recognized 62 indigenous Amerindian languages, including Aztec, or Nahuatl, and the Mayan family of languages, as national languages. About 6 % of the population is non-Spanish speaking, and some indigenous Mexican words have become common in other languages, to include English. Examples are: chocolate, coyote, tomato and avocado all

How to read newspaper free essay sample

Divide it into three main portions MCQs National Issues International Issues MCQS This portion will be reserved for sifting material for MCQs of current affairs paper. Following are key areas for MCQs Names of Presidents , Prime Ministers and other heads of states of key countries Capital cities of the important countries of the world Heads of international organizations such as World Bank , IMF , ADB etc News agencies Currencies Major international events Major international sports events etc Make sub sections of various national issues confronting Pakistan that are likely to be asked in the forthcoming CSS examination. For Example Balochistan issue Water crisis Energy crisis Sustainability of economy Terrorism NFC award etc Make sub sections of various international issues confronting the world that are likely to be asked in the forthcoming CSS examination. For Example Iraq Iran Atgnanistan Palestine China supremacy Rise of Russia etc For reading purpose we can divide newspaper (here from newspaper we will assume DAWN) in four sections I-Main page 2-Editorial page 3-World in focus 4-0ther special editions Main Page Keeping in view above sections, have a look at the main page and read those pieces f news which are related to the above issues only. We will write a custom essay sample on How to read newspaper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If there is any major or important development in those issues than note down in the relevant section only the development not the whole story. If there is no news related to any of the above issue than those who have recently started reading newspaper should read at least one piece of news from main page. Editorial Page Having cursory look at other pages, move on to the editorial page. Editorials are a MUST DAILY read. Read main article for two months continuously if you are a fresh reader, than you may skip if you feel like it being the repetition. Similarly, note down the important facts of the issues in their respective sections. World in Focus In this section the writers are mostly foreigners. Their style of writing and the way of looking at various issues is worth noting. Study at least one. Note down the way they take up and analyze the issue. Other special editions Do read following One article from Business Review on every Monday One article from Encounter on every Saturday. From Science dot com, any thing related to EDS directly. Sunday magazine any thing useful for any subject of CSS Friday feature is a MUST read on every Friday.

Slingblade Essay Research Paper There are heroes free essay sample

Slingblade Essay, Research Paper There are heroes that save the universe and some that save people ; there are some that are known across the universe and some that merely certain people consider heroes. Superman is person who is known across the universe and who saved different people every episode. Karl Childers is a adult male who is a hero to a small male child named Frank ; he saved his life. Everyone has different ideas about the qualities of a hero. To me a hero is person that is much admired and shows great bravery. A hero as to be able to respond under force per unit area and will make anything to assist a individual in problem. However for Karl he isn # 8217 ; t much admired but does demo great bravery ; he besides merely wants to do Frank # 8217 ; s life a small easier on him. Another quality of a hero is they must hold an enemy ; Karl # 8217 ; s enemy is Doyle. We will write a custom essay sample on Slingblade Essay Research Paper There are heroes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Karl Childers is a hero in my eyes because he saved a small male child # 8217 ; s life, Frank, from an evil adult male Doyle. Doyle had a awful pique and couldn # 8217 ; t command himself when he drank. If Doyle had gone on life he would hold made Frank’s life a life snake pit ; which it reasonably much already was. Or Doyle would hold ended up acquiring drunk one dark and killing Frank. Frank’s father committed self-destruction, which left Frank devastated and now Doyle treated him like he was nil. Karl did kill four people in his life-time and most people would state that he isn’t a hero, but Karl did merely kill those who did incorrectly. Except for his babe brother, but he was merely making what he parents told him to make, he didn’t know any better. I # 8217 ; m non certain if Karl is traveling to hell, in some manner I think that God would be able to forgive him. Karl loved reading the Bible, some of it was difficult for him to understand but he was able to do independent ideas about the Bible. Besides there is a batch of blood and killing in the Bible but I think that God will forgive if it is for the right grounds and Karl merely did kill those who did incorrectly. I think that Karl knows in his head that God will forgive him and let him to travel to Heaven.

Apartheid essays

Apartheid essays After researching apartheid I found many points relating to the matter. First of all, let me give a proper definition for apartheid. It is a policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa. It is an Afrikaans word meaning separateness. One main point that I received from my research was that the Afrikaner Nationalists believed that although South Africa was an undivided state, its people did not make up a complete state. This is an important point because it showed the basic philosophy of apartheid. There were thirteen different nations in South Africa. These included the Whites, Coloureds, Indians, and ten black African groups. They had done this because it was their observation that whenever people of different races, religions, or cultures came in contact with one another, friction would occur. So the solution they had to this problem was to create a society in which contact between races was avoided as much as possible. Without race contact there would be no race friction, therefore separation was the key to peace for all South Africans. So laws were created to make sure that members from different social groups did not socialize together, marry, sleep together, or share any public facilities. In my opinion, this twisted system could never work. It is one thing to separate different groups from one another to avoid problems, but it is another to use this method to purposely hold other groups down while elevating your own. This is exactly what the whites had done in South Africa. They refused to let any of the other groups receive any social, economic, or political power under the system of apartheid. They did this by any means necessary, especially force. I think that their main reason for implementing these rules under apartheid was because of their fears. The Afrikaners, who were the white Dutch settlers, were always ...

How important are cultural values in the formation of human rights Essay

How important are cultural values in the formation of human rights - Essay Example Although members of the Western culture have developed worldwide organizations addressing human rights issues, there are vast differences between the way that Western values address the nature of the individual in comparison to values of other cultures. Through aspects of work, feminism, and punishment, there is a great variety of value administration towards addressing the rights of members of a society. The nature of human rights as they are practiced within a region are determined by the values of the relevant culture that has control over the ideological philosophies that inform public policy. Value Diversity What is culture? When speaking of culture, it is necessary to understand that any discussion of culture will include an â€Å"implied other†, thus defining one group as different from another (Storey 2006: 1). The truth about the concept of culture, from some perspectives, is that it divides people much more definitely than is actually appropriate. Being human allows for the same motivations for behaviors, the needs for life not changing from one regional setting to the next. Human beings need to be warm enough, cool enough, satisfy their hungers, and satisfy their bodily needs. Everything that is done is an extension of basic human needs and the way in which the environment lends support to those fulfillments. How life is framed for supporting these needs is how culture is defined. If one looks at Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, for purposes of understanding the nature of human need fulfillment, one can see how all people share the same focused needs, that it is just the semantics of how those needs are approached that change from one region to the next (see Appendix 1). Motivations emerge from the bottom of the pyramid up, each level of need reflected through the behaviors and activities of each region of human development, no matter what that level of development and despite frameworks that vary from one set of people to the next. Culture is defined by frameworks that support needs, rather than through differences in basic human needs. Thus, human rights, despite the differences that are appreciated from one culture to the next, are not different. It is only the introduction of power that changes the way in which one culture will define how people are treated. Those in power will assert their authority by manipulating people through threats and rewards towards their human needs. Deprive a man of basic physical needs, and the motivations to follow the reigning authority will increase as those needs are fulfilled by that authority. Deprive those needs and not fulfill them and the next rebellious force that comes along promising to fulfill those needs will gain support. How human rights are defined is about the political frameworks in which needs are addressed and fulfilled. However, this still does not fully explain or define culture. There are general terms in which to define culture. Storey (2006: 1) suggests that a good broad definition of culture can be considered by saying it is a â€Å"general process of intellectual, spiritual, and aesthetic development†. This definition allows for the separation between the diversity of culture and the cohesion of human needs as universal. People are essentially the same through each incarnation of culture. The differences are in the interpretations that are created about how to address needs, not from within the human condition. What people come to believe is a

Panera Bread Video Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Panera Bread Video Case Study - Essay Example The case is relevant to the analysis of the various concepts of management given that the CEO manages to address various concepts of management. Connecting management functions Effectiveness & Efficiency The video relates to the concept of effectiveness and efficiency in the sense that the CEO noted that the company has managed to maintain quality in its products. The CEO highlights the fact that there is standardization of quality across all the branches of the company in efforts to reduce duplication. In terms of efficiency, the company saves on time by delivering its services on time without much delay. The video highlights employees of the company engaging in various activities in haste. Four functions of management and the order in which managers perform each function Planning Planning involves the manager determining the goals of the business and how the business is going to achieve such goals. This is based on the vision and mission statement of the company. In the case of Pan era Bread, the company established a vision at the start of the business and has managed to follow the vision all through (Lipman 19). Organizing Organizing involves managers allocating resources and assigning employees tasks that are in line with the achievement of the company vision. ... Panera Bread CEO is such a great leader because of his working style. He spends a great deal of his time around the business and this motivates his employees towards delivering quality services. Controlling Controlling involves monitoring of performance to ensure that the goals of the company are being met. The CEO of Panera Bread notes that the business has been critical on the issue of expanding its operations because they want the business to meet its visions. There is the use of customer feedback in an effort to match results with performance. Reflections on insights, ideas and questions The greatest insight from the Panera Bread Video case study is that the survival of a business majorly depends on is vision. Vision outlines the expected achievement of the business within a predetermined time period (Lipman 20). The CEO of Panera Bread noted that the company has managed to pursue its vision that it had determined when the company was being incorporated. This has had the effect o f ensuring that the business puts its focus on its objectives. It is no wonder that Panera Bread has remained relevant and competitive for a long period of time. The other insight is that a successful business should incorporate the mentality of people serving people instead of people serving the business. Panera Bread CEO notes that this ensures that the business exists for the sake of serving customers and getting them satisfied. There is also the idea that entrepreneurs should be passionate about doing business in addition to having the desire to make money out of the business. This ensures that the business owner gives out the best of his or her potential and that there is active involvement in the operations of the business (Lipman 23). Despite being the